Interesting web sites

Here are some interesting sites that are not directly related to my work or my teaching.

This page is no longer being updated. Recent links appear on a new page here. Final updates to this page through July 2017 are listed here, older updates here, original version (2001) here. Most sections are longer than a screenful, keep scrolling. Some links appear in more than one section.

Search engines, directories, and reference works

(See also Words, Internet search)

Google search engine, directions and technical information, web service APIs
http://www.google.com/, also cheatsheet.html, help/features.html, apis/index.html
http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html

Google history and assessment, excellent review by John Lanchester in LRB
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n02/print/lanc01_.html

Google (etc.) in the news (recent articles at top)
http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?action=print&id=2286432 (Google, Facebook and Twitter in Egypt)
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200803/chinese-firewall (Chinese firewall)
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE6DB173FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print
(Google, Yahoo etc. in China. NYT Magazine, Apr 23, 2006)
http://news.com.com/2102-1029_3-6029042.html?tag=st.util.print (federal subpoena)
http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/05/technology/google_cnet/ (privacy, CNET blackball)
http://www.theonion.com/content/node/40076/print/

Usenet News searchable archive at Google (formerly at Deja.com)
http://groups.google.com/, also advanced_search?q=&

Internet Archive: Wayback Machine (retrieve vanished web sites)
http://archive.org/web/web.php
for example http://wayback.archive.org/web/20040901000000*/http://unununium.org

Wikipedia, an on-line encyclopedia written and revised by anyone interested
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Main_Page, also wiki/wikipedia:Featured_articles, wiki/wikipedia:Welcome_newcomers

Wikipedia history, assessment, appreciation, and disenchantment
http://www.newyorker.com/printables/fact/060731fa_fact
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/21131
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier06/lanier06_index.html

WikiHow, how-to manual that you can edit
http://wiki.ehow.com/Main-Page

Ask MetaFilter, questions and answers on all sorts of topics
http://ask.metafilter.com/, for example popularfavoriteall, What-single-book-is-the-best-introduction-to-your-field-or-specialization-within-your-field-for-laypeople, What-are-the-most-wellwritten-textbooks, Classical-classics, Contemporary-Art-History-and-Theory, WWI-what-happened, You-are-Socrates-I-am-Menos-slave, Past-performance-future-results-ampc, Recommendations-for-PC-drawing-tablet, How-can-I-break-into-an-empty-filing-cabinet, Oh-so-youre-a-insert-profession-here-How-insert-whacky-generalization-and-misguided-curiosity-here, What-are-some-good-songs-to-bring-to-my-human-dissection-class, Help-me-unlock-the-power-of-the-four-chords, The-Old-Man-and-the-C-Drive, How-is-webbe-formd, Whats-the-bless-your-heart-of-your-field, Help-Really-Cool-Nonprofit-Reptile-Park-Not-Have-Unusably-Sucky-Web-Site, Whats-the-Best-Thing-Youve-Ever-Seen-Here, What-are-the-most-interesting-obituaries-from-the-NYTIMES-or-ECONOMIST, Smells-that-dont-exist-anymore-or-are-harder-to-find-in-real-life, Nasty-harsh-scathing-literary-criticism, Many-many-manifestos, Opinions-are-like-pizzas-everybody-has-one-and-theyre-all-great
etc., etc., ... also http://mssv.net/wiki.cgi?FrequentlyAskedOfMetafilter
founder's comments: http://metatalk.metafilter.com/16577/How-Not-To-Sell-Out
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/19422/Are-You-Interested-in-Business-Opportunities#782894
http://a.wholelottanothing.org/2009/07/i-get-by-with-a-little-help-from-94552-friends.html
http://metatalk.metafilter.com/20458/Matts-2011-SXSW-Talk

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

Open Directory Project, a Yahoo-like directory maintained by volunteers (no ads)
http://dmoz.org

WWW Virtual Library, another noncommercial directory
http://www.vlib.org

Ibiblio (formerly Sunsite and Metalab), noncommerical directory in magazine format
http://www.ibiblio.org/

Invisible Web, resources said to be unreachable by ordinary search engines
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/InvisibleWeb.html

Useful sites for reporters, researchers, and other nosy people
http://www.schaver.com/websites.htm

Internet FAQ Archives, frequently asked questions, with answers
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/

Words: dictionaries, thesauri, and more

(See also Reference)

For definitions, just (for example) define:induction in Google search box

Google Books Ngram Viewer
http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2010/12/15/science.1199644

OneLook dictionary search with links to many general and specialized dictionaries, wildcards, reverse dictionary
http://www.onelook.com/?w=induction, also ?w=induc*, ?c=faq#patterns, reverse-dictionary.shtml

WordReference.com: dictionary + thesaurus tree browser
http://www.wordreference.com/definition/induction

MyEtymology, word origins
http://www.myetymology.com/

Double-tounged dictionary, slang and colorful expressions
http://www.doubletongued.org/, for example index.php/citations/violin_hickey_1/

Wordie, "like Flickr but without the photos"
http://wordie.org/, for example lists/7519?s=a&d=a

Wordnik (formerly Wordie) goes big time
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/business/wordniks-online-dictionary-no-arbiters-please.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print

Lexical Freenet
http://www.lexfn.com/

Internet anagram server
http://www.wordsmith.org/anagram/

How to write a spelling corrector
http://www.norvig.com/spell-correct.html

How Google Translate works
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/how-google-translate-works-2353594.html?printService=print

Automatic computer science paper generator, links to other generators
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/

Magnetic poetry
http://www.broken-notebook.com/magnetic/

Current events and politics

Now, daily, weekly, topical, historical, organizations and projects

Now

popurls
http://popurls.com/

newsmap
http://newsmap.jp/
about http://www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap

Google news
http://news.google.com/, also intl/en_us/about_google_news.html

Daily

NY Times tag cloud
http://www.nytimes.com/gst/mostsearched.html?format=tagcloud

BBC day in pictures
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/

Boston Globe big picture (new on Mon Wed Fri)
http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/

Wikipedia current events
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_events

Arts and Letters Daily
http://www.aldaily.com/alt/

Omnivore
http://www.bookforum.com/blog/

n + 1
http://nplusonemag.com/, especially n1br

SciTech Daily
http://scitechdaily.com/

Boing Boing
http://www.boingboing.net/

Slashdot "politics for nerds"
http://politics.slashdot.org/

Weekly

New Yorker, current issue, many but not all articles online
http://www.newyorker.com/main/magazine/

New Yorker archive search, with example
http://www.newyorker.com/search/query?query=Groopman%20OR%20Gawande&sort=publishDate%20desc,%20score%20desc&queryType=nonparsed

New Yorker, RSS feed of last several (four or five) issues
http://news.google.com/news?scoring=d&num=100&q=%2Bthe+source:new_yorker
http://greg.org/archive/2005/09/03/finally_new_yorker_articles_via_rss.html

New Yorker article database, Nov 2003 -- Nov 2005, also Sept 2001
http://greg.org/archive/new_yorker_magazine_database.php
http://greg.org/archive/2003/11/24/this_week_in_the_new_yorker_a_new_service_of_gregorg.html

New York Review of Books: many but not all articles online, well-indexed archives back to 1963
http://www.nybooks.com/

The Onion
http://www.theonion.com/content/index

The Onion: 25 years of favorite stories
http://www.metafilter.com/131441/Area-Man-Realizes-Hes-Been-Reading-Fake-News-For-25-Years

Ironic Times
http://www.ironictimes.com/

Topical

About weblogs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
http://www.myelin.co.nz/ecosystem/ (defunct, interesting anyway)

Blogs on politics and current events, many examples linked and reviewed (August 2009)
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22960

Weblog enthusiasm and disenchantment
http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/?p=545
http://www.christianitytoday.com/bc/2006/003/17.36.html
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/14/this_is_the_title_of_a_typical_incendiary_blog_post?mode=PF
also http://faultline.org/index.php/site/item/incendiary/ (with comments)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2884299

"The Web We Have To Save", blogs' audiences have been captured and domesticated by Facebook et al. (2015)
(by an Iranian blogger jailed for his activities in 2008, written after his release in 2015)
https://medium.com/matter/the-web-we-have-to-save-2eb1fe15a426
comments http://www.metafilter.com/151229/The-Web-We-Have-to-Save

Google history and assessment, excellent review by John Lanchester in LRB
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n02/print/lanc01_.html

Atlantic Monthly: archives and notable articles
http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/backissues.htm
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200603u/national-magazine-awards

Harper's archive, 1850 -
http://www.harpers.org/archive

Phil Agre's newsletters: technology and society, politics, design, philosophy
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/notes.html, also urls.html (RRE notes 1996-'02, urls '98-'04)
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/pagre/ (RRE 2001 -- 2005)
http://web.archive.org/web/20040602193512/commons.somewhere.com/rre/ (RRE 1994 -- 2004)
http://web.archive.org/web/20011119200823/groups.yahoo.com/group/rre/ (RRE 1994 -- 2000)
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/tno.html, also back.html (TNO 1994 -- 1996)
http://omniorthogonal.blogspot.com/2009/11/phil-agre-appreciation.html (Phil Agre is missing)
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2010/01/missing_internet_pioneer_phil.html (Phil Agre found)

Historical but always relevant

Orwell on political writing, very pertinent to other topics also
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm
http://eserver.org/langs/politics-english-language.txt
Other writings:   http://www.orwell.ru/library/index_en, for example
essays/joys/english/e_joys (ghastly boarding school, childhood terrors, snobs and hypocrisy, search for contradicted one another, sheer vulgar fatness, lunatic misunderstandings)
essays/lear/english/e_ltf (Tolstoy, religion vs. humanism, search for exuberance, does not know, rob others, humanist assumption, not a saint)
reviews/swift/english/e_swift (Swift, pessimism, envy, and reaction, search for hates the very idea, his horror, totalitarian tendency, Tory anarchist, weak and ridiculous, endless harping, terrible intensity)
reviews/gandhi/english/e_gandhi (Gandhi, saintliness vs. humanism, search for noble one, one must choose)

100 American speeches (text, many with links to MP3 recordings)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesbydecade.html

Martin Luther King, lesser known speeches, also RFK on MLK (text, with links to MP3 recordings)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm (April 4, 1967, on Vietnam)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm (April 3, 1968, in Memphis)
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/robertkennedyonmartinlutherking.html (April 4, 1968)

Organizations and projects

Electronic Frontier Foundation
http://www.eff.org/sitemap.php

ACM public policy committee: intellectual property, security, privacy, cryptography, Internet governance
http://www.acm.org/usacm/, also   http://www.acm.org/usacm/AreasofInterest.htm

Hacktivism and human rights: using technology to fight abuses and protect people
http://cultdeadcow.com/panel2001/hacktivism_panel.htm

Scorecard and Action Network: reporting on pollution, influencing decision makers
http://philip.greenspun.com/panda/better-living

Organize to win: a grassroots activist's handbook
http://www.britell.com/text/tgrassroots.html

WorldChanging, enviro-tech blog
http://www.worldchanging.com/

The arts and popular culture

Painting and drawing, comics, music, movies, people

Painting and drawing

Paintings, indexed by artist
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/

Museum of online museums
http://www.coudal.com/moom/

Book artists and their illustrations (keep scrolling down endlessly)
https://bookillustrations.quora.com/, don't miss Boris-Artzybasheffs-Illustrations-for-Creatures

Drawn! Illustration and cartooning blog
http://drawn.ca/

Paul Klee's notebooks
http://www.openculture.com/2016/03/3900-pages-of-paul-klees-personal-notebooks-are-now-online.html

Seeing.Thinking.Drawing. Frank Chin's blog: architecture, Seattle, and more
http://www.frankching.com/wordpress/
about http://www.metafilter.com/130288/SeeingThinkingDrawing

Alex Cagan's drawings of presenters and content of talks at conferences
https://twitter.com/ATJCagan
https://genestogenomes.org/art-science-interview-with-alex-cagan/
https://gcbias.org/2015/07/15/illustrations-of-lab-smbe-talks-by-alex-cagan/

Books on modern art history, criticism, theory
http://ask.metafilter.com/126006/Contemporary-Art-History-and-Theory

Comics

Comics, samples of many many artists (dealer's site, but low-key and helpful)
http://www.lambiek.net/artists/index.htm

100 Favorite Comics And Graphic Novels
http://www.npr.org/2017/07/12/533862948/lets-get-graphic-100-favorite-comics-and-graphic-novels

Webcomics web archive at the Library of Congress
https://www.loc.gov/collections/webcomics-web-archive/

Cartoonists' sketchbooks: Anders Nilsen, Jeffrey Brown, Kate Beaton, Ruth Modan, Chris Ware
http://www.theguardian.com/books/series/a-look-inside-the-cartoonists-sketchbook

Hark! a Vagrant, by Kate Beaton (short strips, illustrations)
http://www.harkavagrant.com/archivecat.php, for example index.php?id278, 337 (keep scrolling)

The Chairs' Hiatus, by Mathew Bogart (story, complete)
http://thechairshiatus.com/

The Guy I Almost Was, by Patrick Farley (story, complete)
http://electricsheepcomix.com/almostguy/

Questionable Content, by Jeph Jaques (series, ongoing)
http://www.questionablecontent.net/

(More comics in geek culture)

Music

(See also music synthesis)

100 most important American musical works of the 20th century, chosen by NPR staff (RealPlayer)
http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/vote/list100.html

100 essential jazz albums, chosen by David Remick and Richard Brody
http://www.newyorker.com/online/2008/05/19/080519on_onlineonly_remnick?printable=true

Jazz standards, many heartfelt recommendations for an aspiring pianist
http://ask.metafilter.com/311380/Other-jazz-standards-like-these-jazz-standards

20th century classical music, audio clips for works discussed in The Rest Is Noise
http://www.therestisnoise.com/2007/01/book-audiofiles.html

Classical music appreciation, recommendations and recordings
http://ask.metafilter.com/94259/Classical-classics, 290584/Help-me-find-a-way-in-to-classical-music

Classical music performances on YouTube
http://ask.metafilter.com/126242/Create-A-Playlist-For-Me

Chord progressions, music theory
http://ask.metafilter.com/123361/Help-me-unlock-the-power-of-the-four-chords, also determine-key-from-chords

Map of musical influences, by Ethan Hein
http://www.ethanhein.com/influence_map.html

Thelonius Monk quartet with John Coltrane at Carnegie Hall (Flash)
http://www.bluenote.com/monkcoltrane/player.html

Thelonius Monk's musical advice (scroll down for easier-to-read transcript)
http://1heckofaguy.com/2009/01/03/thelonious-monks-advice-archived-by-steve-lacy/

Bill Evans' wardrobe
A square in hip clothing is still a square, while a hipster in square clothing is still hip.
http://dieworkwear.com/post/149183683329/bill-evans-and-the-ivy-look

Grateful Dead: 3000 complete shows at Internet archive, other Dead lore
http://www.archive.org/details/GratefulDead
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/arts/music/12ratl.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all
http://www.deaddisc.com/GDFD_Songs_Perf.htm
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/GDead/agdl/
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/11/26/121126fa_fact_paumgarten?printable=true

Blues, gospel, folk recordings and photos from the Library of Congress (MP3, Real Audio, others)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ftvhtml/ftvhome.html, also lohtml/lohome.html, hrhtml/hrhome.html

All Music Guide, discography (commercial, but comprehensive and well-organized)
http://www.allmusic.com/, also http://www.allclassical.com/

Finale, WYSIWIG music editing and typesetting
http://www.finalemusic.com/notepad/

Lilypond, non-WYSIWIG music editing and typesetting
http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.16/Documentation/web/index.html

abc, text-based music notation, popular for folk, traditional, and early music
http://abcnotation.com/, tune collections tunes/

The Session, online tune exchange, large community, nice design, abc notation
http://thesession.org/

Recommendations from an eclectic musician, with links to recordings etc.
https://plus.google.com/u/0/collection/0T0sDB

Petrucci, public domain music library, over 300,000 scores in many genres
http://imslp.org/
for example http://imslp.org/wiki/The_Caledonian_Pocket_Companion_%28Oswald,_James%29

Mutopia, free sheet music, typeset in Lilypond (above), over 1900 scores
http://www.mutopiaproject.org/

Music manuscript paper
http://www.freestaffpaper.cjb.net/
http://www.lib.virginia.edu/dmmc/Music/Musicpaper/

Music notation, in BibliOdyssey
http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2006/07/visual-context-of-music.html

Music Thing, synthesizers and more
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

What streaming music services pay musicians
http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/spotify-apple-music-tidal-music-streaming-services-royalty-rates-compared/
based on this data: bit.ly/IIB_Musicians2015

Resonate, streaming music cooperative platform
https://resonate.is/, also blog/ for example the-platform-cooperative-movement/

Movies

Movie databases, search in many categories, some entries offer preview clips
http://us.imdb.com/Search/
http://www.allmovie.com/

Many classic movie clips have been posted to YouTube, for example...
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Fred+Astaire&search=Search

Classic movie trailers, clips, and stills (RealPlayer or Windows Media Player)
http://turnerclassicmovies.com/Multimedia/Index/

Movie trailers (many broken links and ads, Quicktime)
http://www.movie-list.com/nowplaying.shtml

People

BBC audio interviews: artists, writers, performers (RealPlayer)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/, also books/features/, music/features/

Fresh Air radio interviews: current show, archive, search (RealPlayer, Windows Media)
http://www.npr.org/templates/rundowns/rundown.php?prgId=13
http://www.npr.org/rundowns/calendar/calendar.php?prgId=13
http://search.npr.org/search97cgi/s97_cgi?ResultTemplate=allow_re_sort.hts&newQuery=1

This American Life radio episodes, recommendations from staff and others
http://www.thislife.org/Radio_Favorites.aspx
http://ask.metafilter.com/20670/This-American-Life, also 90513/Best-episode-to-introduce-someone-to-This-American-Life

Literature and history

Writing, history

Writing

Digests, journals, authors, classics, poetry, essays

Digests

Arts and Letters Daily (many book review journals linked at left column, scroll down)
http://www.aldaily.com/alt/

Literary Hub
http://lithub.com/
for example haruki-murakami-the-moment-i-became-a-novelist/

Open Culture
http://www.openculture.com/

Omnivore
http://www.bookforum.com/blog/

Journals

(see also Weeklies)

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/, also contributors
for contributors not listed, try: http://www.newyorker.com/contributors/haruki-murakami, etc.

New York Review of Books: many but not all articles online, well-indexed archives back to 1963
http://www.nybooks.com/

n + 1
http://nplusonemag.com/, especially n1br

McSweeny's
http://www.mcsweeneys.net/, also columns/lists/

Best magazine articles
http://www.kk.org/cooltools/the-best-magazi.php

Longform.org (boldfaced title links directly to article, alternative to Instapaper at "read" links)
http://longform.org/

Authors

Paris Review, interviews with writers back through the 1950's
http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews

Course syllabi by famous authors
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/02/i-urge-you-to-drop-e67-02-course-syllabi-by-famous-authors/273578/

Handwritten outlines of famous literary works by their authors
http://designtaxi.com/news/357610/The-Handwritten-Outlines-Of-Famous-Literary-Works-By-Their-Authors/

Letters of note, an archive of fascinating correspondence
http://www.lettersofnote.com/

Classics

On-line books
http://gutenberg.net/
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/
http://directory.google.com/Top/Arts/Literature/Electronic_Text_Archives/

100 best first and last lines from novels
http://americanbookreview.org/100BestLines.asp, also PDF/100_Best_Last_Lines_from_Novels.pdf

Best sentences and first and last lines, several collections, even more in comments
http://www.metafilter.com/137798/A-literary-list-of-lists-best-sentences-opening-and-closing-lines

The 200 Greatest Adventure Novels of All Time, including wonderful cover art
http://hilobrow.com/adventure/

Shows the first page of a randomly selected book, without revealing title or author
http://www.recommendmeabook.com/   Or pick a cover /covers

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

Punctuation in novels
https://medium.com/@neuroecology/punctuation-in-novels-8f316d542ec4#.jnc8zn1gp

Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow synopsis with artwork
http://www.themodernword.com/gr/

Poetry

Pessoa's Trunk, seventeen different tranlations of a Portuguese poem into English
http://www.disquiet.com/thirteen.html

Essays and criticism

Why study literature, how to teach it (and how not to)
https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/why-college-kids-are-avoiding-the-study-of-literature/

Scathing reviews
http://ask.metafilter.com/273095/Nasty-harsh-scathing-literary-criticism

History

The Itinerary of King John, interactive day-by-day timeline and maps for his seventeen year reign
http://neolography.com/timelines/JohnItinerary.html

Digital Humanities, projects and news recommended by the author of the Itinerary (above)
https://plus.google.com/collection/oWAwDB

"The history of the world in famous people’s lifespans", timeline built from Pantheon database of historic figures (see below)
https://github.com/ybogdanov/history-timeline/blob/master/README.md

Pantheon database of historic figures
http://pantheon.media.mit.edu/people/Wolfgang%20Amadeus%20Mozart for example, explained in methods.

The Programming Historian: tutorials for computing in the humanities
http://programminghistorian.org/, especially lessons/

Ancient languages in ten lessons: Latin, Greek (Classical and New Testament), Old English, Old Norse, Sanskrit, many more ...
http://www.openculture.com/2014/01/learn-latin-old-english-sanskrit-classical-greek-other-ancient-languages-in-10-lessons.html

Ancient Rome, the evidence
http://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-archaeological-proof-of-the-existence-of-the-Roman-Empire?share=1

Old Seattle, I-5 construction
http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/these-7-photos-reveal-how-i-5-construction-tore-through-old-seattle/

Science and research

(See also education)

Breaking news, journalism, careers, DIY, literature, biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy

Nature, news, current issue contents
http://www.nature.com/news/index.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue/redirect.taf

Science, news, current issue contents
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/current/

Wikipedia current science and technology events
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_science_and_technology_events

Slashdot science
http://science.slashdot.org/

SciTech Daily
http://scitechdaily.com/

American Scientist (nearest thing to the Scientific American of old)
http://www.americanscientist.org/template/CurrentIssue

Scientist's drawings of presenters and content of talks at conferences
https://twitter.com/ATJCagan
https://genestogenomes.org/art-science-interview-with-alex-cagan/
https://gcbias.org/2015/07/15/illustrations-of-lab-smbe-talks-by-alex-cagan/

Elegant experiments
http://ask.metafilter.com/199790/Help-me-find-elegance-in-science-and-experimental-design

Why teach science at universities?
http://www.thecrimson.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ref=515314

What is a scientific theory?
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-59/iss-7/p46.html

What is the purpose of a scientific theory?
http://www.qubit.org/people/david/FabricOfReality/FoRExtract.html

Core scientific knowledge in one paragraph (search for Four centuries ago ...)
http://feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu/kane/futureresuniv.html

E. O. Wilson introduces Darwin, comments on religion and behaviorism
http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/11/p-intelligent-evolution.html

Explanation and advocacy for a scientific worldview in an essay by an English Lit prof
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/gettingitallwrong-boyd.html

Scientific, artistic understanding contrasted (search for science satisfies a very special hunger ...)
http://www.lrb.co.uk/v21/n07/print/nage01_.html

Scientific, journalistic reporting contrasted (scroll down to last three paragraphs: I'm reading a book ...)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/33ae6d7ad55a8013 (Eric Pepke)

Journalist's plea for better science reporting
http://www.theamericanscholar.org/science-reporting-and-evidence-based-journalism/print/

Assessing science stories in the news
http://ask.metafilter.com/111907/Credible-scientific-studies, for example #1608866, #1608966 #1608968 #1608971 #1609588

Talking to reporters (much good advice in replies despite snarky title)
http://ask.metafilter.com/131166/How-to-handle-inquiries-from-MSM-journalists-who-seem-to-just-suck-information-out-and-run

Dear Science column in The Stranger, Seattle alt-weekly. Also, author's blog
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Author?oid=224756
http://dearscience.org/

Bad science journalism
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5279802-117799,00.html

Bad science textbooks
http://www.thenewatlantis.com/archive/8/crawford.htm

Bad science (errors in experiment design and interpretation)
http://norvig.com/experiment-design.html

Bad scientists
http://ask.metafilter.com/301870/Who-are-historys-most-incompetent-scientists

Bad medicine (limitations of epidemiology and observational studies, compared to experiments and controlled trials)
http://www.csicop.org/si/show/science_and_pseudoscience_in_adult_nutrition_research_and_practice/
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/magazine/16epidemiology-t.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=magazine&adxnnlx=1190570645-Z3dtWTDIrOLYvP7KRHqPLg&pagewanted=print

Research studies that looked good, but were later shown wrong
http://ask.metafilter.com/201393/Framed-by-Science

Milieu: funding, publication, review, collaboration

Dan Gezelter's syllabus for Science 2.0
http://www.nd.edu/~gezelter/Teaching/202/index.html

Michael Nielsen's blog, bookmarks
http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/
http://delicious.com/nielsen/

(See also math, programming, and education)

John Sidles: physics career aptitude test (actually a long essay, also pertinent to other fields)
(scroll down about 10% past other stuff, persevere through poor formatting, much nicer original is lost)
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.college.admissions/msg/870fa023e09d43d9?hl=en

Giving an academic job talk
http://ask.metafilter.com/131967/Id-like-some-advice-on-giving-an-academic-job-talk

Working in the lab
http://ask.metafilter.com/141619/Help-my-start-my-biology-research-on-the-right-foot
http://ask.metafilter.com/159651/Seriously-I-can-wash-a-sample-without-burning-down-the-lab

Richard Hamming: career advice based on experience among the great and the rest. "What is the difference?"
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/YouAndYourResearch.html

Tone and attitute in scientific debate, and elsewhere
http://ask.metafilter.com/145120/Science-vs-Religion#2078569

Geniuses, crackpots, and others
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea3e4716b69a5e7d?hl=en (David Ashley)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/fcdcb642b3dcefef?hl=en& (Dennis Feldman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/3adf8fc79f50ca97?hl=en& (john baez)
http://mathforum.org/kb/plaintext.jspa?messageID=87266 (Nick Halloway, scroll down past included text)
http://ask.metafilter.com/182309/Losing-my-wife-to-the-black-helicopter-crowd-need-help#2623380 (empath)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/0608313f1c5246b7?hl=en& (Daryl McCullough)

(See also in engineering and hacks)

Toys from Trash: simple DIY science toys and experiments
http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys.html, for example induction.html, reactance.html, etc.

Science toys you can make, with detailed instructions and photos
http://scitoys.com/, for example http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/radio/radio.html#crystal

A simple spectrometer built from a CD and a cereal box, with experiments
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~zhuxj/astro/html/spectrometer.html

Weigh the earth in your basement: measure the gravitational constant
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html

Keiki gels: electrophoresis with drinking straws and food coloring
http://openwetware.org/wiki/DIYbio:Notebook/Keiki_Gels
http://www.boingboing.net/2009/02/06/crowdsourced-science.html

Synthetic biology lab in a closet for $470 (scroll down to fig. 5 near end)
http://io9.com/5049788/making-a-biological-counter

Citizen Science Quarterly
http://citizensciencequarterly.com/

Biotech Hobbyist magazine, interview with contributor
http://xdesign.ucsd.edu/biotechhobbyist/index.html
http://worldchanging.com/archives/001450.html

Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM)
http://www.geocities.com/spm_stm/Project.html
http://www.e-basteln.de/index.htm
http://sxm4.uni-muenster.de/stm-en/

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
http://benkrasnow.blogspot.com/2011/03/diy-scanning-electron-microscope.html

Cyclotrons on a shoestring
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-11/p30.html
http://www.niell.org/cyc1.html, also cyc2.html
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/cyclotron/12inchrf.shtml

PubMed (including MEDLINE and much more)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed, also gquery/gquery.fcgi

US Patents
http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/search-adv.htm

Structure of DNA, original papers by Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins, Avery, others
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/archive.html

Entrez, life sciences search engine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/gquery.fcgi

Bioinformatics for dummies (scroll down for links to databases and resources)
http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesTitle/productCd-0764516965,page-1.html

Centre for Computational Drug Discovery: P2P search for anti-cancer drugs
http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/curecancer.html

Compound Interest, everyday exploration of chemical compounds
http://www.compoundchem.com/, also infographics/

The Feynman Lectures on Physics
http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/, I_toc.html
the making of: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6380187

Leonard Susskind: The Theoretical Minimum, courses on modern physics
http://theoreticalminimum.com/

Gerard 't Hooft: lifetime physics syllabus, with links to online course notes
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~Gadda001/goodtheorist/index.html
older version http://www.phys.uu.nl/~thooft/theorist.html

Robert Geroch: mathematical physics lecture notes, including several books
http://home.uchicago.edu/~geroch/Links_to_Notes.html

Newton: college notebook (1664-5)
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-04000/22

Einstein: handwritten notebook on relativity (1912-14)
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Zurich_Notebook/

Paul Dirac: handwritten thesis manuscript and notes (1926)
http://www.academia.edu/323246/PhD_Thesis_of_Paul_Dirac
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6002173

Gordon Kane: the standard model, the Higgs boson, supersymmetry, and string theory
http://feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu/kane/Zing.htm

David Mermin: introduction to quantum mechanics concepts and notation for quantum computing
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0207118

David Gross: does physics have a future? 25 questions
http://qd.typepad.com/24/2005/01/the_future_of_p.html

arXiv.org (formerly xxx.lanl.gov)
http://arxiv.org/, also help/, blurb/pg01unesco.html

Standard Model Langrangian, said to describe everything except gravity
http://nuclear.ucdavis.edu/~tgutierr/files/stmL1.html

Simplification in physics
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.physics/msg/96f67a21dbbdc0a9

Reasoning from first principles
http://ask.metafilter.com/117097/What-is-natures-formulary#1678913

Textbook exercises vs. problem solving
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=78

Simple experiment + reasoning gets deep result (DIY Cavendish)
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html

Interpretations of quantum mechanics
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/df418fdeed80c4af

Quantum mechanics in popular culture, a sighting
http://www.workingforchange.com/printitem.cfm?itemid=22433

Humor
http://snarxiv.org/
also http://davidsd.org/theorem/, 2010/03/the-snarxiv/
http://www.mcsweeneys.net/columns/lists/physical.html
http://www.theonion.com/content/node/52324/print/

Astronomy picture of the day archive, with explanations and links
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html

NASA Visible Earth
http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/

Cosmic distance ladder, how we figured it out
http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-cosmic-distance-ladder-2/ (about...)
http://terrytao.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/cosmic-distance-ladder.pdf (slides, 4.3 MB pdf)

How do we know the Earth orbits the sun?
http://www.wired.com/2014/04/how-do-we-know-the-earth-orbits-the-sun/

Scale of the universe, animation and tool
http://primaxstudio.com/stuff/scale_of_universe/

Logarithmic maps of the universe
http://xkcd.com/482/
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/universe/
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/?0310571

Mathematics and logic

Buzz Books Exposition Provers Foundations Teaching Culture

Buzz

Animated factorization diagrams
http://www.datapointed.net/visualizations/math/factorization/animated-diagrams/
also http://mathlesstraveled.com/2012/10/05/factorization-diagrams/

Mathoverflow, questions and answers. Also, a review.
http://mathoverflow.net/, for example questions/4994/fundamental-examples, 8846/proofs-without-words, 23478/examples-of-common-false-beliefs-in-mathematics
http://sbseminar.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/math-overflow/

Stackoverflow CS Theory B: logic, semantics, automata, theory of programming
http://meta.cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/446/broadening-the-scope-of-questions#985

Polymath, massively collaborative mathematics: news story, details, background
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461879a.html
http://michaelnielsen.org/polymath1/index.php?title=Polymath1
http://gowers.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/is-massively-collaborative-mathematics-possible/

Tricki, a wiki for mathematical techniques at university level and beyond
http://www.tricki.org/, for example tricki/map

Terry Tao: blog
http://terrytao.wordpress.com/, for example career-advice/, 2010/10/21/245a-problem-solving-strategies/, 2010/10/18/the-no-self-defeating-object-argument-revisited/, 2009/09/03/the-cosmic-distance-ladder-2/, etc.

Dick Lipton: blog
http://rjlipton.wordpress.com/, for example 2010/11/30/notation-and-thinking/

Timothy Gowers: blog
http://gowers.wordpress.com/, for example 07/25/what-is-deep-mathematics/, 2008/08/16/just-do-it-proofs/, etc.

Scott Aaronson: blog
http://scottaaronson.com/blog/, for example ?p=327, ?p=303, etc.

n-Category Cafe, various authors: blog
http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/, for example 2012/12/rethinking_set_theory.html

M-Phi, various authors: blog
http://m-phi.blogspot.com/, for example 2011/10/inconsistency-of-pa-and-consensus-in.html

The Bourbaki Code, Lieven Lebruyn: blog
http://www.neverendingbooks.org/

Notices of the American Mathematical Society, current issue (and all issues)
http://www.ams.org/notices/200910/ etc.

Rejecta Mathematica: journal of papers rejected by peer-reviewed journals
http://math.rejecta.org/about-rejecta-mathematica, also frequently-asked-questions

Books

Chicago undergraduate mathematics bibliography, recommended by its graduates
https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~abhishek/chicmath.htm

"How to Become a Pure Mathematician (or Statistician)", recommeded readings
http://hbpms.blogspot.com/

Hacker News contributors' recommendations, observations about learning math
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7577810 (Spring 2014)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8697772 (Fall 2014)

Exposition, essays, and opinions

Math atlas: brief surveys of college and graduate level topics, with links
http://www.math-atlas.org

Timothy Gowers: essays
http://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~wtg10/vsipage.html, also mathsindex.html

Frank Quinn: essays
http://www.ams.org/notices/201201/rtx120100031p.pdf
https://www.math.vt.edu/people/quinn/, especially history_nature/nature0.pdf

Edsger W. Dijkstra: essays, many about mathematics
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/indexBibTeX.html, for example EWD538.PDF, EWD1294a.PDF, EWD1300.PDF

Doron Zeilberger: opinions
http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/OPINIONS.html, for example Opinion65.html

David Eppstein: computational geometry, recreational math, art, science, games
http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/recmath.html

Justin Mullins: beautiful equations
http://www.justinmullins.com/gallery_1.htm

Theorem provers

Formal proof: special issue of Notices of the AMS
http://www.ams.org/notices/200811/

Freek Wiedijk: formalizing 100 theorems, also 300 theorem provers
http://www.cs.ru.nl/~freek/100/, also digimath

HOL theorem prover: history, command summaries
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/HOL/history.html
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jrh13/hol-light/holchart.txt, also summary.txt

Coq in a hurry, 44 page introduction to the theorem prover
http://cel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/47/58/07/PDF/coq-hurry.pdf

Constructing Number Systems in Coq, formalization of Landau's Grundlagen der Analysis
http://www.ps.uni-saarland.de/~hornung/bachelor.php

Coq theorem prover applied to programming language theory
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/sf/current/toc.html, for example sf/Basics.html#lab25, also papers/LambdaTA.pdf
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/3966

Programming language theory: notation, semantics applied to "featherweight C"
http://siek.blogspot.com/2012/07/crash-course-on-notation-in-programming.html
http://siek.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/the-semantics-of-familiar-language.html

Simple compiler verified with HOL4, with links to pertinent literature
https://github.com/j-baker/l1c
explained for HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9774224

Vdash: a formal math wiki
http://www.vdash.org/, also e-club.pdf, ignite.pdf

Machine obstructed proof: a novice's experiences
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/nick/mop.pdf
discussion http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1745

FLiP: logical framework in Python
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/flip/www/

Foundations

Logicomix
http://www.logicomix.com/en/, for example ...#twoj_fragment1-4

Lambda calculus, Church encoding, Y combinator explained with Ruby code
http://experthuman.com/programming-with-nothing

Philosophy and theoretical computer science, course at MIT
http://stellar.mit.edu/S/course/6/fa11/6.893/ (links to many readings)
http://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=755 (instructor's blog and student comments)

Logic, sets, infinity
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/087352d20dc1f138 (Zeisel)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/db53c62234221003 (torquemada)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/c22da43383c5899f (Rubin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/b3a6e6111d01e89b (bobg0)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/48d737fdc7b59176 (Beldin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/ba442cdb57f7e80c (Asselin)
http://ask.metafilter.com/42154/Intuitionism#649509 (klausness)
http://ask.metafilter.com/35746/The-limits-of-logic#555805 (crocomancer)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/203cfee201e9d003 (Enderton)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7c1ff04e658f94d7 (Chapman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/4a5f740824617bdb (Megill)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/d2d59359d6dd606e (Seaman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/970943d1ff580c21 (Tangent60)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/535960d70dd72682 (Oliver)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/bd2177d368c5c0ee (Maimon)

Ten questions about intuitionism, posed and surveyed by Freek Wiedijk
http://www.intuitionism.org/

Five stages of accepting constructive mathematics, talk and paper by Andrej Bauer
http://math.andrej.com/2016/10/10/five-stages-of-accepting-constructive-mathematics/

Logic and madness
http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2011/07/disproofing-myth-that-many-early.html

Teaching and learning

What is it like to have an understanding of very advanced mathematics?
http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-have-an-understanding-of-very-advanced-mathematics

Learning math (see also programming and education)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4377123 (on practice and effort)
http://ask.metafilter.com/143261/Math-Makes-My-Brain-Smoke#2050679 , etc. (on memorization, flabdablet and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/85908/How-do-I-excel-in-science-classes#1269265, also #1269359, etc. (Class Goat, grouse, and many contributors)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/f0ba97363024f564 (john baez)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b902e4be35a7511f?hl=en& (Chris Hillman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/22f6919a0337a9fd (Keith Ramsay)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b1498e901006ae85 (Torkel Franzen)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/4ce130ff7a8a3367 (Clive Tooth)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/702b4a873a73cef0?hl=en (Ron Bloom)

Explaining calculus
http://ask.metafilter.com/143473/You-are-Socrates-I-am-Menos-slave

Students' and teachers' difficulties (see also in programming)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/2f556070611e3cc9 (Chris Hillman, don't miss note on Tolstoy at the end)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/131d68bead8d176e (Lee Lady)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/3f54ecdeeefc48ac (Keith Ramsay and David C. Ullrich)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/306aba3cbaa9b784 (Gary Martin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/8a9d22374af321b2 (goodyear)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math.symbolic/msg/1c57ec06a4a0e926 (Richard Fateman)
http://ask.metafilter.com/78479/Tips-for-university-teaching, for example #1165133, #1165335, #1165165, #1165465 (onoclea and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/88289/How-can-I-get-my-college-prof-to-admit-he-is-wrong-and-give-me-the-marks-I-deserve (Tachoh and many contributors)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/6d143aa40673f2f6 (Ron Bruck)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e406777e604fdd70?hl=en (labuser)

Math books
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/ad719a903eff49cd (Lieven Marchand)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b5e97d1e71d9d60e (Josh Kortbein)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/5575e8608e22d7e0 (Lee Rudolph)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/fb7924ba7175d055 (Achava Nakhash)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/msg/ca1a9a940370b08e (Robert Hill)

Culture

Andrew Wiles and Fermat's Last Theorem
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x223gx8_bbc-horizon-1996-fermat-s-last-theorem_shortfilms (television documentary)
https://plus.maths.org/content/andrew-wiles-what-does-if-feel-do-maths (interview)
https://math.stanford.edu/~lekheng/flt/wiles.pdf (the paper itself, pdf, 109 pages)

History, people, humor
http://www.logicomix.com/en/...#twoj_fragment1-3 (Doxiadis, et al.)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/c5e74828d885d614?hl=en& (McCaughan)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/6d123b32cdaf077e?dmode=source (Taylor)
http://groups.google.com/group/ucb.math/browse_frm/thread/9400e33002ac74cc/18b8d9b3c2c527b4?#18b8d9b3c2c527b4 (Chernoff and others, entire thread)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/browse_frm/thread/65568c764f0e5456/3c195654858cb9e8?lnk=st&q=&rnum=1#3c195654858cb9e8 (Long and others, entire thread)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ceb85daeecf7b16a (Buyske)
http://www.zephoria.org/thoughts/archives/2009/06/21/xkcd_meets_real.html (Henry Cohn via danah boyd)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.misc/msg/ff564be5c30a5d67 (Carvin)
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.puzzles/msg/105ca690d3dc0055?dmode=source (Keith, via Stewart)
http://brookeshelf.blogspot.com/2007/03/forgotten-bookshelf-space-childs-mother.html (Winsor and Parry, via Brooke)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.logic/msg/3de02e916b10ac01 (Angluin, via Enderton)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e958d70ce1879070 (Rodgers)

Animated graphics
http://intothecontinuum.tumblr.com/

Mathematical tattoos
http://carlzimmer.typepad.com/sciencetattoo/mathematics/index.html

Newton
http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-04000/22

Leibniz
http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/05/dropping-in-on-gottfried-leibniz/

Euclid
http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/byrne.html

Euclid in Greek (for translation click load at top right)
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0085%3Abook%3D1%3Atype%3DProp%3Anumber%3D47

Engineering and technology

Theory, problem solving, electronics, signal processing, music synthesis, computer architecture, computer hardware, DIY

Theory

Concise review of systems, circuits, basic electronics
http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Ref/E72WhaKnow/WhaKnow.html, also WhaKnowSys.html

Transfer functions, block diagrams, feedback
http://www.atp.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/rt1/syscontrol/node13.html, also node14.html, node19.html

Digital filters
http://www.earlevel.com/Digital%20Audio/Biquads.html

Heuristics
http://ask.metafilter.com/112202/How-can-I-hone-my-problem-solving-skills#1613615
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622136

Units, dimensions, orders of magnitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_%CF%80_theorem
http://xkcd.com/482/, also 485, 526

Examples and techniques
http://ask.metafilter.com/197055/We-are-we-are-we-are-the-engineers#2836434 (engineering vs. science)
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/117097/What-is-natures-formulary#1678913
http://funcall.blogspot.com/2009/04/lets-do-twist.html
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=78
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-055j-the-art-of-approximation-in-science-and-engineering-spring-2008/assignments/
https://www.edx.org/course/mitx/mitx-6-sfmx-street-fighting-math-1501#.U06p2sf2Iy4
textbook http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-098-street-fighting-mathematics-january-iap-2008/readings/
textbook reviewed http://www.ams.org/notices/201107/rtx110700960p.pdf

Handmade computer, projects built from discrete components and small chips: words, drawings, photos, video
http://taeyoonchoi.com/handmade-computer/, also category/tools/ and welcome/, etc.
manifesto http://taeyoon-debug.tumblr.com/
slides https://speakerdeck.com/tchoi8/artist-statement, see tiny links on many slides
video https://vimeo.com/122206226

Simple but complete handmade computer built from discrete components, with hand-lettered design documents
Built from scratch ... using some of the lowest level, most primitive parts around (circa 1970).
An architecture of my own design ... programmable microcode so that the machine language is reconfigurable.
http://www.kvalda.com/joeprocessor/, for example article.txt, notes_page3.jpg, photo2.jpg, notes_page7.jpg

Graphics card designed in Verilog, implemented in FPGA, built on custom circuit board
I had to learn how to design a PCB and get it manufactured, how to work with SMD parts,
how to program in Verilog and synthesize code for an FPGA, how SDRAM and DVI/HDMI work ...
The Amiga is probably the last 32-bit personal computer that is fully understood, documented and hackable.
https://github.com/mntmn/amiga2000-gfxcard
HN comments with even more advice https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11511626

Home electronics workshop, instruments and storage described, with photos
http://quinndunki.com/blondihacks/?p=1850

Simple DIY pocket headphone amplifier with detailed instructions
http://tangentsoft.net/audio/cmoy/
schematic misc/cmoy-tangent-sch.pdf, layout misc/mini-cmoy-layout-0150.pdf
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10398860

4-bit processor in 17 chips, TTL with microcode in ROM, on 5 x 4 inch perfboard
http://www.bigmessowires.com/nibbler/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10379017

Custom 8-bit processor built with TTL on solderless breadboards (short on details)
http://8bitspaghetti.com

Electronic circuits cookbook, for example using op amps and flip-flops
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/etroncon.html#c1
for example opampvar.html#c1, and jkflipflop.html#c1

FPGA projects
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/FinalProjects/, for example f2008/tor2/main.html
http://www.heeltoe.com/software/pdp11/

Notes on Verilog programming, with links to language references and other resources
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/verilog-prog.html

MyHDL, hardware description and verification language in Python
http://www.myhdl.org/, for example examples/flipflops.html

GNU Radio
http://gnuradio.org/, for example TutorialsWritePythonApplications

LuaRadio, including comparison to GNU Radio
http://luaradio.io/, also docs/comparison-gnuradio.html

Software-defined radio products recommended by HN contributors, October 2015
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10324755

DIY Cellphone
http://web.media.mit.edu/~mellis/cellphone/

Homemade GPS receiver
http://www.holmea.demon.co.uk/GPS/Main.htm
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5717674

120 Years Of Electronic Music
http://120years.net/, for example the-electronic-sackbuthugh-le-cainecanada1945/

Audio, music
http://linux-sound.org/one-page.html
http://www-ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/software/
http://www.earlevel.com/Digital%20Audio/Biquads.html

SuperCollider real-time audio sythesis language: tweet-sized compositions, explanation
http://fredrikolofsson.com/f0blog/?q=node/478
http://supercollider.sourceforge.net/

Music programming languages
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_audio_programming_languages
explained by kaoD on HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10181678

Music Thing
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

Analog synthesizers (many links)
http://www.metafilter.com/128991/Totally-modular-dude
http://www.bleeplabs.com/movies.html
explained at http://www.bleeplabs.com/bleepwhat.html
via 52862/The-Worlds-Cutest-Synth, also links to similar devices
http://createdigitalmusic.com/2013/11/littlebits-korg-snap-together-synth-magnets-149-module-module-details-qa/
also http://littlebits.cc/kits/synth-kit
via http://www.metafilter.com/133802/littleBits-KORG-Synth-Kit, with links to more

Homemade analog synthesizer on Mr. Rogers (1968)
http://www.openculture.com/2014/05/mr-rogers-introduces-kids-to-experimental-electronic-music.html
HN comments, more links https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9606197

Javascript piano
http://mrcoles.com/piano/
https://github.com/mrcoles/javascript-piano
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3993516, also 6270040 (months later)

Moog synthesizer in a browser
http://www.google.com/doodles/robert-moogs-78th-birthday
http://8.mshcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Moog-Doodle-Guide-Full-Size.jpg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7AHvrKCTlA
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4011770 (links to other synthesizer-in-a-browser)
http://code.google.com/p/bob-moog-google-doodle/ (code, web audio links)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4311004 (more web audio links)

Which Machines Do Computer Architects Admire? (2001)
http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/admired_designs.html
more about Worley's IBM 1570 http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10001190

Von Neumann's first computer program, explained by Don Knuth (1945, article written 1970)
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=356581

Programmers' Handbook for Manchester Mark II, by A.M. Turing (1950)
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Knuth_Don_X4100/PDF_index/k-4-pdf/k-4-u2780-Manchester-Mark-I-manual.pdf (images)
http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/mark1book.html#manualamt (OCR, more about Mark II)

Univac hardware, applications, operations, and architecture (1951)
http://www.scott-a-s.com/grandfather-univac/, instruction set: univac_cheatsheet.jpg

IBM 1401 architecture, programming, operations, and economics -- very strange to modern eyes (1959)
A fine printer connected to a puny processor. ...
Allowed useful programs to be punched onto a single card, directly in machine language.
Simplest boot sequence: read a card into locations 1..80 and branch to location 1. -- Dick Sites
http://www.righto.com/2015/03/12-minute-mandelbrot-fractals-on-50.html

Bob Barton's 4-page paper on the stack-based B5000 architecture for executing ALGOL (1961)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/61812037/Barton-B5000
also http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/3234

James Thornton's "Elephant Book" on the CDC 6600, other links (1963 - )
It was the first RISC -- the RISC philosophy was laid out chapter-and-verse by Thornton in the "Elephant Book" -- Jim Smith
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/CDC/CDC.6600.1963.102641207.pdf (Elephant book, 1963)
http://ygdes.com/CDC/DesignOfAComputer_CDC6600.pdf (Thornton's design textbook, 1970)
http://ygdes.com/CDC/Grishman_CDC6000AsmLangPgmg.pdf (Grishman's assembly language textbook, 197X?)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6971388 (IBM president's "janitor memo")
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11941941 (Alan Kay remembers Seymour Cray and the CDC6600)
http://ygdes.com/CDC/cdc6600.html (summary, many more links)

PDP-10: instruction set, TENEX TOPS-20 and ITS OS, PARC's MAXC clone, recent PDP-10/X on FPGA
http://interglacial.com/~sburke/stuff/dec10as.html
http://pdp10.nocrew.org/docs/instruction-set/pdp-10.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS-20 and Incompatible_Timesharing_System
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1646959&queryText%3DMAXC+Fiala
http://fpgaretrocomputing.org/pdp10x/, also arch10x.pdf

PDP-10 assembly language coding example in literate style: TECO editor (1970-78)
http://ftp.dbit.com/pub/pdp10/tops10/teco124.mac

Books on architecture of classic computers (Manchester Mark I, B5000, System/360, PDP 8, 10, 11, more)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Computer_Structures_Principles_and_Examples/, Computer_Engineering/

Brief descriptions of some influential architectures: PDP 8, CDC 3300 and 6000, 6502, 8088, ARM (pdf, 4 - 8 pages each)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/spr_2004/Lecture_32_2004-04-28_A_Bizarre_Architecture_PDP8.pdf, CDC-3300_and_6000.pdf, 6502_processor.pdf, 8088_processor.pdf, ARM_processor_intro.pdf

Nova, popular 1960s-70s minicomputer, architecture description on p. 7 and p. 12+ of brochure in first link
A "clean machine," a rare example of a truly optimal design -- complex, but no more complex than necessary. -- Paul E. Ceruzzi
Instead of having 50 instructions to do various types of mathematical type things, they had one instruction. -- Steve Wozniak
A simple machine that still has a lot to teach us, since it was arguably the first commerical RISC machine. -- Chuck Thacker
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Data_General/DGC.Nova.1968.102646102.pdf (1968 advertising brochure, don't miss!)
http://users.rcn.com/crfriend/museum/doco/DG/Nova/base-instr.html, example: PL.html
http://lively-web.org/users/Dan/ALTO-Smalltalk-72.html (emulator)

CARDIAC, working cardboard computer for teaching, from Bell Labs (1969)
https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~bls96/museum/cardiac.html, cardiac.pdf, CARDIAC_manual.pdf

6502 microprocessor history (1975 – ), introduction, data sheet, opcode map, reference, Verilog, C, lore.
The historic, once very popular 6502 makes a simple yet practical and applicable introduction to computer architecture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502 (motivation, history)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/spr_2004/Lecture_02_2004-01-30_The_6502_processor.pdf (introduction)
also http://mdfs.net/Docs/Comp/6502/Datasheet, also 6502/OpMap.htm, also 6502/ (data sheet, opcode map, other lore)
http://nesdev.com/6502.txt (reference)
http://ladybug.xs4all.nl/arlet/fpga/6502/ also at https://github.com/Arlet/verilog-6502 (Verilog model)
http://rubbermallet.org/fake6502.c (C simulator)
https://github.com/dabeaz/py65 (Python simulator)

6502 instructions, address modes, and execution cycles explained, with an Apple II example
http://www.metafilter.com/114962/jmp-TRIGSPIKES#4298388
http://www.metafilter.com/138822/How-Steve-Wozniak-Wrote-BASIC-for-the-Original-Apple-From-Scratch#5535537

6502 assembly language programming tutorial with emulator and development tools in the browser
http://skilldrick.github.io/easy6502/

6502 architecture implemented in 74HC logic gates, with microcode in EPROM
http://aiju.de/electronics/6502/
https://github.com/aiju/oxy, especially blob/master/microc/microcode

Visual 6502: transistor-level simulator (in Javascript) inferred from microphotographs of an actual chip (2010)
http://www.visual6502.org/welcome.html
tutorial: http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Visual_circuit_tutorial
notes on tutorial: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9556464
hand-drawn circuit diagrams: http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=2208
overflow flag circuit in detail http://www.righto.com/2013/01/a-small-part-of-6502-chip-explained.html
HN comments on previous link https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5059767

Neurophysiology-style experiments performed on transistors in the Visual 6502
Could a neuroscientist understand a microprocessor?
http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/05/26/055624.full.pdf

6502 architecture implemented in 3218 discrete transistors (4304 parts in all) on a 12 x 15 inch four layer circuit board
http://monster6502.com/
Many HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11703596

6502 awesomeness explained (on p.21) by Sophie Wilson (architect of the ARM)
These high-end processors (68000, 80286, 32016) with their clock rates twice the 6502s
with their bus widths twice the 6502s were actually, in many circumstances, slower.
... they didn't use the memory system effectively. On the 6502 ... each cycle is a memory access.
We became convinced ... that memory system bandwidth is direct predictor of system performance.
http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2012/06/102746190-05-01-acc.pdf
But ... back then you could have complete single-cycle random access to any byte of memory, and the 6502 relied on that.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11705013

KimKlone - 6502 with home-made co-processor that extends the instruction set
http://laughtonelectronics.com/Arcana/KimKlone/Kimklone_short_summary.html, Kimklone_intro.html
pictures BrideOfSon%20photos.html

Tiny CPU in a CPLD (smaller than an FPGA), with a minimized 6502-like instruction set
http://www.bigmessowires.com/cpu-in-a-cpld/, also 2010/04/18/tiny-cpu-architecture/

See also KIM-1, Apple II, etc. in Computer hardware and systems below.

ARM processor history, variants, programming
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/?page=1 (history)
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1264608&print=yes (history)
http://wanderingcoder.net/2010/07/19/ought-arm/ (variants)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture, also ARM_Cortex-M#Instruction_sets (variants)
http://www.riscos.com/support/developers/asm/cpu.html (programming model)
http://people.cs.umass.edu/~verts/cmpsci201/cmpsci201.html, start at ARM_processor_intro.pdf (programming, intro)
http://www.ee.ncu.edu.tw/~jfli/soc/lecture/ARM_Instr_Set.pdf (programming, overview, variants)
http://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/asm.htm (programming, thorough)
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.qrc0006e/QRC0006_UAL16.pdf (reference card, Thumb only)

ARM1 chip described and explained, many references and links at the end
http://www.righto.com/2015/12/reverse-engineering-arm1-ancestor-of.html

X86, opcode and instruction reference
http://ref.x86asm.net/coder32.html

X86 opcodes and instruction encoding explained (1992-97, 486)
http://www.dabo.de/ccc99/www.camp.ccc.de/radio/help.txt

Exploring X86 with a C compiler and debugger
https://www.recurse.com/blog/5-learning-c-with-gdb, 7-understanding-c-by-learning-assembly
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10781757

X86 is a high-level language, huge difference between architecture and recent implementations
http://blog.erratasec.com/2015/03/x86-is-high-level-language.html#.VVYwUmZhMy4

X86 assembly language coding example in literate style: webserver
https://zarkzork.com/servasm.html?

Y86, pipelined x86-like processor design from CMU, including Verilog
http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/public/samples.html, ch4-preview.pdf, waside/waside-verilog.pdf
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bryant/pubdir/CMU-CS-05-195.pdf, formal verification

RISC explained and discussed on HN
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9811831

CISC and RISC, John Mashey's explanation with detailed comparison of many architectures
http://userpages.umbc.edu/~vijay/mashey.on.risc.html

A Brief History of Microprogramming by Mark Smotherman, with more about CISC and RISC
https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/uprog.html

RISC-V, open source architecture, implementations, and tools with impressive pedigree
".. the fifth major RISC ISA design from UC Berkeley (after) RISC-I, RISC-II, SOAR, and SPUR..."
http://riscv.org/
http://riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/RISC-V-Offers-Simple-Modular-ISA.pdf (summary)
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~waterman/papers/phd-thesis.pdf (review, motivation, explanation)
http://www.lowrisc.org/about/ (an implementation)
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2014/EECS-2014-54.pdf (spec)

Tiny Computer for Teaching, Chuck Thacker's 32-bit RISC for FPGA in two pages of Verilog
"This approach was first employed in the original Nova, a simple machine that still has a lot to teach us ..."
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~swm11/examples/bluespec/Tiny3/Thacker-A_Tiny_Computer-3.pdf
different version with assembler and sample program in Thacker's chapter here: http://vpri.org/pov/

Niklaus Wirth's CPU designs for FPGA
http://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/FPGA-relatedWork/, also Ch 16-17 here: ProjectOberon/

J1 Forth CPU for FPGAs, "probably close to the smallest possible useful CPU"
http://www.excamera.com/sphinx/fpga-j1.html, paper j1.pdf, Verilog j1.v, IP ip.fs.html
http://www.excamera.com/sphinx/article-j1a-swapforth.html
  J1A built with IceStorm open source FPGA toolchain, runs on tiny Lattice ICEstick

BrainF* machine, homebrew CPU in 17 small ICs (mostly 74HCxxx)
http://grapsus.net/74/

Retro

Don Lancaster's TV Typewriter (1973)
http://www.swtpc.com/mholley/RadioElectronics/TV_Typewriter.htm

Archive of early microcomputers: newsletters, articles, manuals from the 1970s and early 80s
http://www.classiccmp.org/cini/mags.htm, also systems.htm

KIM-1

The first 6502 computer (1976): KIM-1 was very simple, very cheap yet complete and self-contained.

Hand-assembled, handwritten 6502 machine code for KIM-1
http://blog.jgc.org/2013/04/how-i-coded-in-1985.html

Chess in 1K for KIM-1 (1976)
"If you are an above average player, you may find that the MICROCHESS program is below your level ..."
http://www.benlo.com/microchess/
manual, source: Kim-1Microchess.html, downloadable source: Microchess6502.txt
hex machine code: Kim-1Microchess.html#25

KIM-1 laboratory control application (1977-80)
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/pubs/mixer.html also here http://jap.physiology.org/content/49/1/160

KIM-2: proposed KIM-1 replica, with discussion of difficulties recreating old hardware (1999)
http://www.6502.org/trainers/buildkim/buildkim.htm

Micro-KIM: KIM-1 replica with 6502 and other mostly original components (2007)
(does not include the fifteen I/O ports that made KIM-1 a self-contained controller)
http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=24, also files/mkmanual.pdf

KIM Uno: simple but functionally accurate KIM-1 replica using Arduino Uno with atMega328 emulating 6502 (2014)
"will run on any Arduino ... without keyboard and LED display ... over the serial port"
http://obsolescence.wix.com/obsolescence#!kim-uno-summary/c1uuh
also #!kim-uno-details/c1alo (at page bottom, download emulator in C including KIM-1 ROM contents)

Apple I and II

Steve Wozniak, long interview about early experiences culminating in Apple I and II
When you design with very few parts, everything is so clean and orderly you can understand it more deeply... you have fewer bugs.
All the best things I did at Apple came from (a) not having money and (b) not having done it before, ever.
I would type the (hex code) in by hand. ... I had no tools. ... I know what's going on better (without) a tool.
I designed two computers and (etc.) ... I wrote a Basic and (etc.) ... and I did this all moonlighting, in a year.
(The Apple II) had all these things and not one bug was ever found. Not one bug in the hardware, not one bug in the software.
http://www.foundersatwork.com/steve-wozniak.html

Steve Wozniak's monitor for Apple I, in 254 bytes
http://apple2history.org/history/ah02/
http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/apple1/wozmon.php
https://github.com/jefftranter/6502/tree/master/asm/wozmon

Steve Wozniak's "brilliant and classic", "beautiful" disk controller for the Apple II
See also Woz' comments about 80% down in interview above
http://josephoswald.nfshost.com/circuit-sim/summary.html#wozmachine also woz-machine-hw-sim.lisp
http://www.metafilter.com/114962/jmp-TRIGSPIKES#4301468, also #4303936

Homemade Apple II clone built on a prototyping board with wire wrap in 1979
I desperately wanted an Apple II ... but $2000 was just too much money.
I helped a bit, but my Dad did most of the work ... late into the night for months.
http://www.make-digital.com/make/vol01/?pg=196#pg196

Apple II emulation on an AVR microcontroller (ATMega 1284p)
http://maxstrauch.github.io/projects/bsc-thesis/index.html

Other 6502

6502: three-chip system (with dual-port RAM and video) on a solderless breadboard (2013)
"I don't have any schematics ... it was all improvised on the fly ..."
http://www.hackaday.com/2013/10/21/the-most-minimal-homebrew-computer/
http://jmp.no/blog/3-chip-computer, also final-words-on-the-3cc

6502 systems brought up and explained chip-by-chip, with diagrams, photos, videos, code
http://quinndunki.com/blondihacks/?p=680 (first in a series)
http://www.grappendorf.net/projects/6502-home-computer (a different series)
https://coronax.wordpress.com/projects/project65/ (yet another series, with SD card)

6502 in an FPGA on a tiny board with I/O and a serial port (2013)
Xilinx XC3S50 running Arlet's Verilog core (see architecture above)
http://apple2.x10.mx/CHOCHI/
http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=2644

TGL-6502, emulated by 8 pin LPC810 ARM Cortex-M0+, construction details including retro case
http://thegaragelab.com/introducing-the-tgl-6502-single-board-computer/
https://github.com/thegaragelab/tgl6502

Hack-a-Day 6502 projects, summaries and links
http://hackaday.com/tag/6502/

6502.org, the 6502 microprocessor resource
http://6502.org/

Z80

Z80 on a solderless breadboard, details about clock, memory bus signals etc.
http://labs.domipheus.com/blog/teensy-z80-part-1-intro-memory-serial-io-and-display/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8871179

68000

68008 on a solderless breadboard running Linux, file system in one ROM and one RAM chip
http://www.bigmessowires.com/2014/11/17/68-katy-68000-linux-on-a-solderless-breadboard/, also category/68katy/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622720, also 9712793

AVR and PIC microcontrollers and platforms

Arduino with AVR, Basic Stamp with PIC
http://ask.metafilter.com/126212/Programmable-Logic-Chips-and-Microcontrollers-Which-language-and-where-to-learn-online, for example #1802889

PIC hardware and assembly language programming tutorials
... today's CPUs are very complicated ... The microcontroller is a very simplified version ...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10780291
http://www.covingtoninnovations.com/noppp/picassem2004.pdf

DIY laptop built from two Picaxe microcontrollers, with custom OS and development tools in 4Kb
http://www.chrisfenton.com/diy-laptop-v2/

AVR microcontroller and C compiler co-design
C compiler development was started before the AVR architecture and instruction set were completed.
http://www.atmel.com/images/compiler.pdf

Microtouch, homemade tablet computer built from AVR Atmega644 and 320x240 touch screen
http://rossumblog.com/2009/10/28/avr-homebrew-device-with-iphone-aspirations/

VGA on Arduino Uno Rev 3.0 with no external parts, using second on-board CPU and serial shift register
http://dpeckett.com/vga-on-the-arduino-with-no-external-parts

8-bit AVR microcontroller emulates ARM, runs Linux (also refreshes DRAM in software)
The effective emulated CPU speed is about 6.5KHz ... It takes about 2 hours to boot to bash prompt ...
http://dmitry.gr/index.php?r=05.Projects&proj=07.%20Linux%20on%208bit
HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5581851

Tiny Lisp Computer - uLisp running on ATMega328 (or 1284), 8 line x 21 char display, PS2 keyboard port
http://www.technoblogy.com/show?1GX1, version 2 show?1INT

ARM microcontrollers

ARM on a breadboard
http://hackaday.com/2015/10/09/arming-a-breadboard-everyone-should-program-an-arm/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10365235

Rust and C on ARM STM32 F4 Discovery development board
http://www.hashmismatch.net/2015/05/18/pragmatic-bare-metal-rust.html
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9572991

Homemade book reader built from NXP LPC1114 (ARM Cortex M0) on LPCXpresso dev board and touch screen
http://rossumblog.com/2010/05/06/wikipedia-homebrew-device-features-cortex-m0-processor-all-human-knowledge/

Video game console built from super-cheap NXP LPC111X (ARM Cortex M0) on tiny LPCXpresso dev board
  video and audio signals are generated entirely in software
http://rossumblog.com/2010/06/10/rbox-a-diy-32-bit-game-console-for-the-price-of-a-latte/

"Minimal viable text workstation" built from PJRC Teensy3 dev board (ARM Cortex M4)
  with custom OS + editor, PS2 keyboard, SD drive, USB, AES 256 encryption, VGA video generated by software
http://riotsys.com/
https://github.com/mntmn/rs16

"Javascript Home PC" built from Espruino Pico (ARM Cortex M4) + DIY keyboard + VGA video generated by software
http://www.espruino.com/Espruino+Home+Computer

Other Microcontrollers

ESP8266, tiny microcontroller with Xtensa LX106 CPU, TCP/IP and WiFi, MIT or BSD-licensed toolchain
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/214379695/micropython-on-the-esp8266-beautifully-easy-iot/posts/1501224

Lisp on ESP8266, with many links to other pages about small embedded systems
https://github.com/yesco/esp-lisp

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi + accessories shopping list
https://www.extremetech.com/computing/148482-the-true-cost-of-a-raspberry-pi-is-more-than-you-think

Portable computer including WiFi built from Raspberry Pi with Kindle Paperwhite display
http://maxogden.com/kindleberry-wireless.html
comments, alternatives https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/kindleberry-pi-the-second/

Raspberry Pi Zero and other models, rationale, applications (Nov 2015)
"... getting a PC to do something simple like turn a lamp on and off is really, really hard. Raspberry Pi is really good at that"
http://www.metafilter.com/155037/I-just-bought-a-magazine-that-came-with-a-free-computer
explanations #6299527, #6299552, #6299669, #6299312
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10631668, especially 10634410 applications, RPi vs. Arduino, etc.

Raspberry Pi Zero headless setup (via WiFi USB adapter)
http://davidmaitland.me/2015/12/raspberry-pi-zero-headless-setup/
HN on alternative setup and OS https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10661951

Raspberry Pi openness and hackability
The Raspberry Pi is really a VideoCore IV processor with an ARM bolted on the side.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12941999 (2016)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11512204 (2016)
http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/7122/level-of-hackability-of-raspberry-pi (2013)
https://github.com/christinaa/rpi-open-firmware, also LLVM-VideoCore4 (2016)
Blog http://crna.cc/b/11
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11703842, more: 12742978
HN wide-ranging criticism of RPi engineering: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13396625
https://github.com/kragen/raspberrypi, also tree/master/baremetal and pitopi
http://cowlark.com/piface/index.html runs directly on the Videocore CPU ... uses the mini-UART as a serial terminal.
https://github.com/0xfaded/gpu-deadbeef starting point for writing GPU code for the Raspberry Pi

Systems

Novena open source laptop for hardware research and development, with onboard FPGA etc.
http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=3597 (click on page title for more links)
http://makezine.com/magazine/building-an-open-source-laptop/
http://www.kosagi.com/w/index.php?title=Novena_Main_Page
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7035163

Supercomputing on a shoestring
http://cag.csail.mit.edu/ps3/index.shtml
http://www.gnuradio.org/redmine/wiki/gnuradio/PS3FC7Install
http://idea.uab.es/mcreel/ParallelKnoppix/

Performance, benchmarks
http://browse.geekbench.ca/ (database of detailed results for many many models)
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2007/12/pc-performance-december-2007/
http://www.primatelabs.ca/blog/2008/02/mac-performance-february-2008/

Network hardware and systems

Networks, including wireless
http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/
http://www.bengross.com/wireless.html/

Make
http://blog.makezine.com/, for example archive/hacks

Computers and systems
http://helmer.sfe.se/
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/001102.html
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/How-To,4/Build-Your-Own,16/, for example review_print.php?p1=1907
http://ask.metafilter.com/85056/Mini-Cloud-Computer, for example #1257622 (high end), #1257439 (low end)
http://linux.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=225218&cid=18238966 (build vs. buy, low end, March 2007)
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO (begun 1980's, revised Sept 2007)
http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~comech/tools/CheapBox.html "The page has not been maintained since the last century"
http://wiki.ehow.com/Category:Hardware, Category:Audio, Category:Video

Circuits, mechanical etc.
http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2006/10/how_to_turn_you_2.html?CMP=OTC-0D6B48984890
http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/03/25/2054200

Make printed circuit boards at home out of old magazines (buying press-and-peel transfer paper might be easier)
http://www.riccibitti.com/pcb/pcb.htm

How To Make (almost) Anything, MIT course
http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/
HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9710070

Education

(See also math, programming, and science careeers)

Why learn, college, graduate school, teaching staff, lifelong, online, courses and events, serendipity

Why learn about science (or math, or literature, or anything beyond your day-to-day needs)?
http://www.thecrimson.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ref=515314 (Steven Pinker)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/339b92d285baf383 (bobs)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.edu/msg/0e395819a79c755f (Brian Harvey)
http://ask.metafilter.com/59885/Burn-The-Canon, for example #900985, #900844, #901150, especially #901438, etc. (SansPoint and others)
http://ask.metafilter.com/104479/Majors-Decision#1511396 (troy)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/6eb1814d1baa5165 (Penny314)

Getting in: confessions of a college counselor (etc.)
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200109/flanagan
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=521107
http://ask.metafilter.com/165230/Avoiding-undergraduate-regret
http://ask.metafilter.com/97372/as-far-from-Shopping-Mall-State-as-possible#1667523

Taking standardized tests
http://ask.metafilter.com/115104/Why-me-read-suck#1652237
http://ask.metafilter.com/117655/Please-help-me-improve-my-reading-comprehension-on-the-GRE#1685886

How to write, think, and learn (especially slides 108 - 120 on learning strategies and clear understanding, also 65 - 77, etc.)
http://www.ai.uga.edu/mc/WriteThinkLearn.pdf

How to learn in college (see also math and computer science, many comments here about humanities also apply to science, and vice-versa)
http://ask.metafilter.com/105281/Help-me-not-flunk-out#1520884
http://ask.metafilter.com/104479/Majors-Decision#1511059
http://ask.metafilter.com/108246/Seeking-college-advice#1559282
http://ask.metafilter.com/105211/Should-I-drop-out-of-college#1520259
http://ask.metafilter.com/181584/How-do-I-feel-better-about-failing-a-class#2613009
http://ask.metafilter.com/112600/Why-am-I-incredibly-passionate-about-learning-things-but-dread-actually-putting-them-to-use#1618406, #1618707, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/85908/How-do-I-excel-in-science-classes#1269265, also #1269359, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/140237/isnt-it-supposed-to-be-the-scientist-huddled-under-some-mountain-with-his-misunderstood-work
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380767, 380133, 380251, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/85393/Maybe-interpretive-dance-would-have-been-a-better-choice#1262010, #1262426, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/145120/Science-vs-Religion#2078569
http://ask.metafilter.com/49239/How-to-getting-motivated-for-my-required-humanities-class#749146, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/72167/Critical-Thinking-for-the-Uncritical-Thinker, for example #1074772, #1074818, #1074928, #1075527, #1281767
http://ask.metafilter.com/59885/Burn-The-Canon, for example #900985, #900844, #901150, especially #901438, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/157626/All-we-are-saying-is-give-the-Dead-White-Men-a-chance, for example #2259232
http://ask.metafilter.com/172529/How-can-I-stop-my-writing-from-being-vague#2482997, also #2482392, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/172419/Straight-A-for-the-Lit-Majors#2481012, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/112459/How-I-understand-music-reviews-better-and-explain-it-to-others#1617195 (good advice for any kind of criticism)
http://ask.metafilter.com/112199/How-to-deal-with-an-intimidating-professor#1613450, #1613290, etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/133672/Great-idea-for-a-coursehorribly-misdirected#1909982
http://ask.metafilter.com/105918/Learning-how-to-say-yes-sir-and-staying-myself-in-the-process#1529409, also #1529375, #1529392, #1529532

What is it like to have an understanding of very advanced mathematics? (... or many other subjects)
http://www.quora.com/What-is-it-like-to-have-an-understanding-of-very-advanced-mathematics

After graduation
http://ask.metafilter.com/116116/Rites-of-passage-and-the-requisite-advice#1665375, also #1665320
http://ask.metafilter.com/81672/How-to-be-a-True-Professional
http://ask.metafilter.com/241453/How-to-escape-lowwage-service-jobs-in-your-20s

Choosing a grad school, and other advice from Alan Kay
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11940725

Considering grad school, getting in
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/grad-school.html

Wrong reasons to go to grad school (bulleted list about halfway down)
http://chronicle.com/cgi2-bin/printable.cgi?article=http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2009/01/2009013001c.htm

How to do research in grad school (MIT AI lab, pertinent to other fields, other places, other career stages)
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/shivers/diss-advice.html
http://www.cs.indiana.edu/mit.research.how.to/mit.research.how.to.html

Grad school disillusionment and realism: You need to focus on a concrete goal. ...
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=348879
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2096737
http://ask.metafilter.com/112121/How-can-I-help-my-fiance#1612098
http://ask.metafilter.com/110799/How-to-be-a-successful-psych-PhD-student#1594552
http://ask.metafilter.com/142566/Graduate-school-is-hell-what-is-a-job-an-exgradstudent-can-possibly-get#2040744
http://ask.metafilter.com/126520/Failed-to-get-a-PhD-now-what#1807436, also 1807498
http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php, also aboutcomics.html

Preparing during grad school for a finding a job after
http://ask.metafilter.com/122826/Would-you-hire-a-new-assistant-professor-from-another-field#1756431

How to teach in college
http://ask.metafilter.com/78479/Tips-for-university-teaching, for example #1165133, #1165335, #1165165, #1165465
http://ask.metafilter.com/176852/Not-cut-out-for-it#2544929, #2544978
http://ask.metafilter.com/70744/How-to-keep-college-freshmen-quiet-and-respectful-during-a-lecture
http://ask.metafilter.com/106596/Salvaging-freshman-comp
http://ask.metafilter.com/75822/How-can-I-improve-my-students-writing#1127282 etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/47402/midsemester-burnout#722013 etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/50755/How-to-deal-with-disruptive-university-students-who-are-determined-to-ruin-the-course-and-the-tutors
http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~heycock/sermon.html

Alternatives to traditional lectures, exercises
http://delicious.com/url/12697f08681ba4c00903b50cf414b8ce
http://mazur-www.harvard.edu/publications.php?function=display&rowid=635, also rowid=78
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1110/phys1110_sp01/ConceptTests/CT_index.html, also phys2010/phys2010_sp04/CTindex.html

Handling too much work in a new job
http://ask.metafilter.com/63263/How-to-be-a-good-and-sane-professor-in-a-crazy-research-world
http://ask.metafilter.com/186028/Scientist-seeks-scientific-shrink#2678299

Constraints on finding research topics
http://matt-welsh.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-other-side-of-academic-freedom.html

Professional skills for academics
http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds4-4/network.html, also leader.html, hosting.html

Academic politics and mores then and now, recalled by Alan Kay
-- consensus was not very important: really capable people explored
without worrying so much about what others thought (this is hard to explain
to people who've grown up in the intensely social and identity seeking world
of the last 20 years or so).
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11799963

Understanding college faculty and administration politics and mores, for staff
http://ask.metafilter.com/263649/What-to-expect-at-a-university-comms-marketing-position

Coping with disappointment
http://ask.metafilter.com/120988/How-to-bounce-back-from-Epic-Fail#1731152, etc.
http://scienceblogs.com/thescian/2008/03/what_are_worthwhile_problems_f.php

Confronting and overcoming discouragement
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527
http://ask.metafilter.com/108441/Why-doesnt-math-make-sense-anymore

Staying sharp
http://ask.metafilter.com/109756/How-do-I-stop-my-brain-turning-to-mush#1580049, also #1580062 etc.

The Siege of Academe (origins of Coursera, Udacity, edX etc., Sep 2012)
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/septemberoctober_2012/features/_its_three_oclock_in039373.php?page=all&print=true

MIT course web pages, in many subject areas (scroll down a bit to see the list)
http://mit.edu/is/courseweb/courses.html

MIT open courseware (still more course web pages)
http://ocw.mit.edu/, also OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/technology.htm
http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/philg/2003/12/01/outsourcing-to-india-in-business-week-and-at-mit/

"Everything I learned at MIT" (four years of handwritten notes, scanned)
http://edboyden.org/sb1/, for example 12_1.jpg

UC Berkeley courses and events (video, podcasts)
http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses.php
http://youtube.com/profile_play_list?user=ucberkeley

Research Channel, video archive of research talks from all over (Windows Media Player, etc.)
http://www.researchchannel.org/program/inst.asp, also program/displayseries.asp?collid=172, etc.

Open University (UK), an unusually detailed and well-organized on-line catalog
http://www3.open.ac.uk/courses/

Best introductory books, most well-written textbooks
What-single-book-is-the-best-introduction-to-your-field-or-specialization-within-your-field-for-laypeople, What-are-the-most-wellwritten-textbooks

Well-written academic books, great first paragraphs
http://crookedtimber.org/2005/05/25/academic-bestsellers/, 2007/02/19/the-challenge-of-affluence/

What's New in the UW Libraries Collections
http://www.lib.washington.edu/services/delivery/booklists.html

Graphics, typography, and information design

Frequently updated, portfolios, unusual media, typography, information design, history and literature, web page examples, web page design and technology

Weblogs
http://www.swiss-miss.com/
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/
http://www.pingmag.jp/, also jp/ (in Japanese)
http://www.designers-who-blog.com/
http://brightlycoloredfood.com/
http://www.assembleme.com/

Drawn! Illustration and cartooning blog
http://drawn.ca/

Design Observer
http://www.designobserver.com/

Information aesthetics
http://infosthetics.com/

Rhizome: net art news
http://rhizome.org/

Linkdup: frequently updated directory of splashy websites
http://www.linkdup.com/

Kaliber1000: online design magazine
http://k10k.net/

Generator.x: art from code
http://www.generatorx.no/

Metropolis magazine
http://www.metropolismag.com/cda/

Coudal Partners: design firm with links to many other graphics and design sites (some Flash)
http://www.coudal.com/index.php, also archive.php, moom

Entropy8Zuper: web design firm (Flash)
http://entropy8zuper.org/

Second Story Interactive Studios: promo for web design firm with links to many of their projects
http://www.secondstory.com/

Design Observer: Culture Is Not Always Popular, an illustrated lecture (exept the illustrations disappeared!)
http://designobserver.com/feature/culture-is-not-always-popular/1527

Interactive Media Design Review: exhibit of web sites etc.
http://www.idonline.com/imdr03/

Neolography
http://neolography.com/

zenboxstudio
http://zenboxstudio.com/

Book design
http://bookworship.com/
http://www.bookcoverarchive.com/
http://nytimesbooks.blogspot.com, for example 2007/11/my-favorite-book-covers-of-2007.html
http://thingsmagazine.net/projects/1960s/index.htm

BibliOdyssey, book art, here showing music notation
http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com/2006/07/visual-context-of-music.html

Book artists and their illustrations (keep scrolling down endlessly)
https://bookillustrations.quora.com/, don't miss Boris-Artzybasheffs-Illustrations-for-Creatures

"Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman" book cover designs, better than the usual one
http://maryrosecook.com/blog/post/oh-the-shame-2
http://sumthinblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/feynman1.jpg

Marginalia from medieval illuminated manuscripts
http://discardingimages.tumblr.com/archive

Vintage Japanese magazine covers
http://www.openculture.com/2016/03/a-curated-collection-of-vintage-japanese-magazine-covers-1913-46.html

Present and Correct (find menu of categories at the bottom of the page)
http://blog.presentandcorrect.com/, for example category/books, graphics

Collectors' Weekly
http://www.collectorsweekly.com, for example /articles/unboxing-modernism/, when-graphic-design-lured-the-world-to-canada/, from-hospital-gowns-to-paper-couture/, seattles-trippiest-rock-poster-artist-tells-all/, could-an-old-school-tube-amp-make-the-music-you-love-sound-better/, visiting-scarfolk/

The Nonist
http://thenonist.com/index.php/thenonist/, also archives/, links/

Strange maps, an unusual view of history and literature
http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/

City of The Hague decorated for the 100th anniversary of De Stijl
https://www.behance.net/gallery/50164479/WHOS-AFRAID-OF-RED-YELLOW-AND-BLUE

The Stranger, alt weekly cover art (nb archive links back to 1999)
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/CoverArt?oid=301800&year=2007

Poster of the Week, rock club posters (mostly) in the Stranger
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=267526, also 229406, 12744, 12338, many more at
  http://www.thestranger.com/gyrobase/Author?oid=196555&page=1,   http://www.google.com/custom?sitesearch=thestranger.com&domains=thestranger.com&q=%22poster+of+the+week%22

Patent Pending Industries, posters, T-shirts, links to similar sites
http://www.patentpendingdesign.com/posters/posters.php, also shirts.php, links.php

Stanley Mouse and the sixties psych-rock aesthetic
http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/07/07/california-dreamin/

Vintage classical music album covers
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jl-incrowd/sets/72157604531858301/

Polish film posters
http://www.poster.pl/polish_poster_artists.html

Soviet posters, with translations and explanations
http://sovietposter.blogspot.com/

Origami
http://www.origami.as/home.html

Make
http://www.makezine.com/blog/

pingmag
http://www.pingmag.jp/J/

Music Thing
http://musicthing.blogspot.com/

Ministry of Type
http://www.ministryoftype.co.uk/

Texter, draw with words (interactive demo, Javascript and HTML5 canvas)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/

Periodic table of typefaces
http://www.squidspot.com/Periodic_Table_of_Typefaces/Periodic_Table_of_Typefaces_large.jpg

Fonts for programming
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/000157.html, also 000969.html
http://hivelogic.com/articles/view/top-10-programming-fonts
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=615088

Ramsey Nasser: programming in Arabic
http://animalnewyork.com/2014/artists-notebook-ramsey-nasser/
also https://github.com/nasser/---/blob/master/public/qlb/primitives.js#L27-L28
also http://www.metafilter.com/138858/Artists-Notebook-Ramsey-Nasser

Typesetting with LaTex
http://nitens.org/taraborelli/latex/
http://hanno-rein.de/archives/349

Mathematics typesetting with LaTeX
http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texfaq/mathtime/comparison.html
http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/

Pollen: web publishing tool written in Racket (Scheme dialect)
http://pollenpub.com/
also http://practicaltypography.com/ Butterick's Practical Typography, made with Pollen

Wikiwand: alternative interface to Wikipedia with new design and typography
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Typography

The Rise and Fall of Grunge Typography
http://www.theawl.com/2012/08/grunge-typography

3x3 alphanumeric font, kind of legible
https://i.redd.it/uaab4tb56soy.png

"Learn to read Korean in 15 minutes", the alphabet explained in a comic, also Russian (click in comic to expand)
http://ryanestradadotcom.tumblr.com/post/20461267965/learn-to-read-korean-in-15-minutes
http://ryanestradadotcom.tumblr.com/post/97607943779/learn-to-read-russian-in-15-minutes-i-did-this

Arabic reading course, "the most effective way to learn the Arabic alphabet"
http://arabicreadingcourse.com/index.html

"An introduction to Japanese", explains hiragana, katakana, and kanji scripts
https://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/
HN comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12284967

Mangajin, Capture2Text, JGlossator: tools for learning and translating Japanese
https://tinyapps.org/blog/windows/201605280700_mangajin_software.html

The First Roman Fonts, early calligraphy and printing with beautiful photos
http://ilovetypography.com/2016/04/18/the-first-roman-fonts/

Dodecaglota, Bible passages in twelve classical languages rendered by "paleotypography"
http://dodecaglotta.com/

The Malory project, with facsimiles of Winchester manuscript and Caxton printed edition
http://www.maloryproject.com
Winchester image_viewer.php?gallery_id=7&image_id=11&pos=1
Caxton gallery_id=2&image_id=971&pos=1

Helvetica, a movie about the font
http://www.presentationzen.com/presentationzen/2008/01/helvetica.html

Hermann Zapf 1918 -- 2015
http://www.fontshop.de/fontblog/hermann-zapf-1918-2015/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/arts/design/hermann-zapf-96-dies-designer-whose-letters-are-found-everywhere.html?_r=0
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1307403978/the-hermann-zapf-sketchbook-project/posts/1253557 (beautiful calligraphy in video)

Code poetry
http://code-poetry.com

Songs about fonts
http://www.precious-forever.com/2008/07/18/songs-about-fonts/

D3 library, gallery, and design
http://d3js.org/
https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Gallery
http://vis.stanford.edu/papers/d3

A bare-bones implementation of D3
https://github.com/maryrosecook/minid3

Information aesthetics
http://infosthetics.com/

Visual complexity
http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/

Dead Reckonings: Lost Art in the Mathematical Sciences
http://myreckonings.com/wordpress/

Newsmap
http://www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap/newsmap.cfm, also apps/newsmap

Linux kernel map
http://lug.oregonstate.edu/projects/kernelmap/map.php, also about.php

Map of musical influences
http://www.ethanhein.com/influence_map.html

GUI history, gallery
http://r-101.blogspot.com/2006/08/evolution-of-desktops.html
http://www.guidebookgallery.org/index, also site/map, screenshots, icons/components
http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/gui.ars/1

Paper prototyping
http://deeplinking.net/paper-web/

Simplicity
http://stuffthathappens.com/blog/2008/03/05/simplicity/

Essential graphics literature
http://www.pingmag.jp/2007/01/22/toward-design-literacy/

History of graphic design
http://www.designhistory.org/

Edward Tufte: essays, forum on information design
http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/newet, also bboard/

Brief summary of lessons from Tufte's books
http://www.washington.edu/computing/training/560/zz-tufte.html
http://staff.washington.edu/larryg/Classes/Rinflux/zz-influx.html#Issues

Design advice and links
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474315

Current web style (more links at page bottom)
http://www.webdesignfromscratch.com/current-style.cfm

Fresh Styles: book on web design, lot of links to interesting examples
http://www.lab404.com/dan/left.html

Deep Sites: another book on web design, lots and lots of links to interesting examples
http://www.xs4all.nl/~maxb/deepsites/

Test Pilot Collective FirstPage Archive: 1800+ graphic web pages (scroll down)
http://www.testpilotcollective.com/tpc/

Paper prototyping: initial pencil-and-paper designs for some well-known web sites
http://deeplinking.net/paper-web/

Vows: nice page design for a programming tool
http://vowsjs.org/

Web page design and technology

(See also Internet technologies)

The Web platform: Browser technologies (canonical sources on several dozen)
http://platform.html5.org/

Mozilla developer center: browsers, plugins, related technologies
http://developer.mozilla.org/
comments http://www.metafilter.com/110216/Like-a-manpage-for-the-web

HTML, CSS, and Javascript briefly explained
http://ask.metafilter.com/143124/Explain-relationship-between-HTML-CSS-and-JavaScript-with-pretty-pictures#2048705

HTML, CSS, and Javascript explained at length
http://www.metafilter.com/91264/CSS-and-JS-so-now-you-know
http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript

HTML, CSS, and Javascript essential skills for web designers
http://ask.metafilter.com/229791/Separating-the-wheat-from-the-chaff-when-hiring-a-Web-Designer

Chrome browser explained in a comic book by Scott McCloud
http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/

Topics and resources for an introductory course on web page design, HTML + CSS etc. (May 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91892/How-do-I-give-an-interesting-crash-course-on-web-design

Google: HTML, CSS, and Javascript from the Ground Up
http://code.google.com/edu/submissions/html-css-javascript/

Google Code how-to's and references on web page design
http://code.google.com/docreader/#p(doctype)s(doctype)t(Welcome)

HTML primer, including a bit about CSS
http://philip.greenspun.com/seia/html

HTML style advice, especially semantics vs. display
http://ask.metafilter.com/79296/Semantic-markup-and-the-world-wide-web-nonnoob-needs-an-explanation
http://diveintomark.org/archives/2003/08/29/semantics
http://www.flownet.com/ron/css-rant.html

BBC Technical Standards and Guidelines, for web site development etc.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/technical/

CSS advice for the artistically challenged
http://www.betaversion.org/~stefano/linotype/news/169/

Design advice and links
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474315

HTML Dog: HTML and CSS quick references
http://www.htmldog.com/reference/htmltags/, also cssproperties/

HTML canvas element for graphics and animation
http://billmill.org/static/canvastutorial/
http://stevehanov.ca/blog/index.php?id=93

Texter, draw with words (interactive demo, Javascript and HTML5 canvas)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/
also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11156141 (links to more experiments)

HTML color codes matching chart: CMYK, RGB, Hex
http://www.logoorange.com/color/color-codes-chart.php

XHTML Character Entity Reference
http://www.digitalmediaminute.com/reference/entity/index.php

Common Math Symbols in HTML, XML, TeX, and Unicode
http://www.johndcook.com/math_symbols.html

Jakob Nielson: AlertBox, usability advice for web page designers
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/

Webless initiative, Any Browser campaign: pleas and recommendations for simpler web pages
http://port70.net/webless/, also rules-validated.html, antiweb.html
http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/abdesign.html, also ablinks.html

The website development process
http://www.pingmag.jp/2005/12/09/the-website-development-process

Programming and software design

Buzz, languages, tools, systems, design, examples, projects, documentation, open source, teaching, courses, talks, careers, literature, history

Hacker News
http://news.ycombinator.com/

Slashdot developers
http://developers.slashdot.org/

Lambda the Ultimate, programming languages weblog
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/, also node/view/13 (list of blogs)

Blogs and links
http://jvns.ca/ Julia Evans
http://matt.might.net/#blog Matt Might
http://nedbatchelder.com/ Ned Batchelder
https://maryrosecook.com/ Mary Rose Cook
http://pgbovine.net/writings.htm Philip Guo
http://leahneukirchen.org/trivium/ Leah Neukirchen
http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/ Chris Siebenmann
https://glyph.twistedmatrix.com/archives.html Glyph Lefkowitz
http://danluu.com/, recommendations programming-blogs/ Dan Luu
http://eli.thegreenplace.net/archives/all, especially tag/python Eli Bendersky
http://yarchive.net/comp/index.html, also about.html, yarchive.net Norman Yarvin

Left Fold, weekly digest (inactive but back issues still available)
http://www.foldl.org/

Questions and answers for programmers, system administrators, and users
http://stackoverflow.com/
http://serverfault.com/
http://superuser.com/
http://ask.metafilter.com/computers-internet, technology
http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-good-resources-for-learning-about-distributed-computing, What-are-good-resources-to-learn-about-search-engine-architecture

2500 programming languages
http://people.ku.edu/~nkinners/LangList/Extras/langlist.htm

Programmimng languages home pages, popular and obsure
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13243061

HOPL: History of Programming Languages, canonical conferences and papers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Programming_Languages

John McCarthy: essentials of Lisp (1980)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html

John McCarthy: The LISP Programming System (1960)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive/node4.html

Paul Graham's pages: Lisp
http://www.paulgraham.com/rootsoflisp.html, also avg.html, lisp.html

Peter Norvig's pages: Lisp, also Java and Python
http://www.norvig.com/, also Lisp-retro.html
Python python-lisp.html, lispy2.html spell-correct.html, sudoku.html
also http://nbviewer.ipython.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/Probability.ipynb
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212 (Design of Computer Programs, in Python)

Henry Baker: The Legacy of Lisp
http://www.international-lisp-conference.org/2005/media/baker-slides.pdf

Lisp 50th birthday celebration
http://www.lisp50.org/schedule/schedule/mccarthy.html
http://lispy.wordpress.com/2008/10/22/lisp50-notes-part-i-johnl-recalls-how-sussman-revealed-nature-of-intelligence/

New Lisps: Arc (2001), PLOT (2006), Clojure (2008)
http://www.paulgraham.com/arcll1.html
http://users.rcn.com/david-moon/PLOT/page-1.html
http://clojure.org/rationale, cheatsheet

BASIC at 50, Dartmouth Time Sharing System
http://www.dartmouth.edu/basicfifty/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dartmouthflickr/sets/72157643275728555/
http://dtss.dartmouth.edu/index.php
http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf

Niklaus Wirth 80th birthday symposium: Pascal, Modula, Oberon, computer architecture
http://wirth-symposium.ethz.ch/

Type systems (with several interesting links)
http://cdsmith.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/an-old-article-i-wrote/

Programming language theory: notation, semantics applied to "featherweight C"
http://siek.blogspot.com/2012/07/crash-course-on-notation-in-programming.html
http://siek.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/the-semantics-of-familiar-language.html

Simple compiler verified with HOL4, with links to pertinent literature
https://github.com/j-baker/l1c
explained for HN https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9774224

Introduction to LLVM + Clang compiler technology
http://adriansampson.net/blog/llvm.html

Programming language Rosetta stones
http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/syntax-across-languages/, also
syntax-across-languages-per-language/
http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/toplist.html, also p.html, etc., etc.
http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_Haskell_exercises (and links therein)
http://brad.livejournal.com/2354680.html (anagrams in Python, Perl, Ruby, C, C#)
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages
http://roscidus.com/blog/blog/2013/06/09/choosing-a-python-replacement-for-0install/
  (Python code, performance to compared six compiled languages)

Visual programming languages
http://blog.interfacevision.com/design/design-visual-progarmming-languages-snapshots/
comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7274674

Piet, the language whose programs look like Mondrian paintings
http://www.dangermouse.net/esoteric/piet/samples.html
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11342442
https://github.com/jdherg/pyet (interpreter in Python)

Language arcana
All   http://wry.me/~darius/writings/abecedarius.html
http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=%22hidden%20features%22&tab=votes
Ada   http://cowlark.com/2014-04-27-ada/index.html
APL, J, K   http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-apl-programming-language-source-code/
http://www.jsoftware.com/papers/, for example APL.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DTpQ4Kk2wA (1975 video of demo with printing terminal)
http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum
http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10010830
http://kparc.com/k.txt, also lisp.txt
https://github.com/JohnEarnest/ok/tree/gh-pages/ike (compare to 1975 video above)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7081327, also 11563803
Basic   http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=987494
http://vintagecomputer.net/cisc367/Dr.%20Dobb%27s%20Journal%20of%20Tiny%20BASIC%20-%20Design%20Notes.pdf
http://www.ittybittycomputers.com/IttyBitty/TinyBasic/, TBuserMan.htm, TBEK.txt, LifeTB.txt, Advent.txt
C   http://klausler.com/cnotes.txt
https://www.recurse.com/blog/5-learning-c-with-gdb, 7-understanding-c-by-learning-assembly
http://www.ioccc.org/1989/jar.2.c, also hint
http://www.phrack.org/phrack/49/P49-14
http://www.literateprogramming.com/ctraps.pdf
http://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html
http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum
C++   http://public.research.att.com/~bs/glossary.html
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=106822&cid=9094624
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=620063
CSS   http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript#4140449 (links to many tutorials)
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212634&cid=17305996
Emacs   http://www.math.uh.edu/~bgb/emacs_keys.html
http://scientopia.org/blogs/goodmath/2010/11/30/the-glorious-horror-of-teco/ (TECO, Emacs precursor)
Erlang   http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml
Forth   http://www.annexia.org/forth, also jonesforth.s.txt, jonesforth.f.txt (.s is x86 assembler, with explanation)
http://www.colorforth.com/ide.html
http://bernd-paysan.de/screenful.html
Fortran   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/FortranCodingForm.png
Haskell, etc.   http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/haskell-tutorial/
http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/
http://blog.ezyang.com/2011/11/how-to-read-haskell/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7689779
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~byorgey/haskell-alphabet/, for example C.html, Y.html
http://cheatsheet.codeslower.com/CheatSheet.pdf
http://www.bucephalus.org/text/Haskell98numbers/Haskell98numbers.pdf
http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_Haskell_exercises
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/c24318d339bab875 (Gregg Michaelson)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Miranda, a Haskell precursor, vs. Scheme)
http://www.willamette.edu/~fruehr/haskell/evolution.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6398996/good-haskell-source-to-read-and-learn-from
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/history-of-haskell/
HTML   http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1137740632&count=1
HOL   http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jrh13/hol-light/holchart.txt, also summary.txt (John Harrison, Carl Witty)
Java   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/e12eba49596264ec (Marty Hall)
http://books.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=211590&cid=17230498
Javascript   http://www.metafilter.com/111825/Javascript (links to many tutorials)
http://ask.metafilter.com/195482/Lets-assume-that-I-am-the-stupidest-person-that-ever-lived-Explain-to-me-what-JavaScript-is-what-it-does-and-how-a-moron-would-go-about-learning-it#2817274 (history, recalled by its creator)
http://www.crockford.com/javascript/javascript.html, also survey.html
http://simon.incutio.com/slides/2006/etech/javascript/js-reintroduction-notes.html
http://www.cs.rit.edu/~atk/JavaScript/manuals/jsobj/
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=215452&cid=17493268
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=225084&cid=18229470
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=135588
http://blog.stevenlevithan.com/archives/javascript-roman-numeral-converter#comment-16140
http://blog.nihilogic.dk/2008/04/super-mario-in-14kb-javascript.html , also mario.js
http://billmill.org/static/canvastutorial/
http://stevehanov.ca/blog/index.php?id=93
http://vowsjs.org/
http://mrcoles.com/piano/
  code   https://github.com/mrcoles/javascript-piano
  also   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3993516, also 6270040 (months later)
http://www.svgopen.org/2008/papers/93-The_Lively_Kernel_Web_Application_Framework/ (inspired by Smalltalk)
http://patriciopalladino.com/blog/2012/08/09/non-alphanumeric-javascript.html (write any Javascript using only ()[]{}!+)
  also   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4365868
http://ejohn.org/blog/introducing-khan-cs/ (pedagogical programming environment)
http://tholman.com/experiments/html5/texter/
Lisp   http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html (John McCarthy)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/4fd8a36cc09dbf4a (Kaz Kylheku)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/390d49d3b6390946 (Paul Tarvydas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/b04ff2bee247fbe1 (Tim Bradshaw)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2839849 (InvalidOrTaken, others)
http://lambda.bugyo.tk/cdr/mwl/
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/82a486311341e0cb (Reinhard Gantar)
http://xkcd.com/297/
Lisp (CL)   http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/~jeff/clos-guide.html, also lisp/cl-pitfalls (Jeff Dalton)
http://weitz.de/macros.lisp (Edmund Weitz)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/jhbrown/macros/ (Jeremy H. Brown)
http://dreamsongs.com/Files/clcrit.pdf (Brooks and Gabriel)
http://dinosaur-act.ath.cx/usenet-archive/news063f1/b83/comp/lang/lisp/00000612.html (Skef Whorley)
http://ilc2009.scheming.org/node/7 (Dan Weinreb)
http://www.quicklisp.org/beta/ (Zach Beane)
Lisp (Clojure)   http://clojure.org/cheatsheet
https://github.com/nathell/lithium, assembler.clj, compiler.clj
also http://blog.danieljanus.pl/blog/2013/05/26/lithium-revisited/
Lisp (Elisp)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/1d9f8e0e337434b6 (Christopher Browne)
Lisp (Scheme)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.misc/msg/2e91428a670fd822 (Ken Dickey)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.edu/msg/6fd01ae1ffd0f4ae (Brian Harvey)
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/23/scheme-lectures-mostly/, also 2009/12/29/sicp-distilled/ (jao)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Scheme vs. Miranda, a Haskell precursor)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/88d65e28baafeadd (Patrick D. Logan)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/671085caab2804fd (James A. Crippen)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/06263a227f20ee1e (brlewis)
Lisp (CL and Scheme)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/b505263f820dba29
Lua   http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2012-04/msg00331.html
http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#9, also source/5.2/
http://www.lua.org/docs.html#papers, especially jucs05.pdf
https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/63hth/ask_reddit_which_oss_codebases_out_there_are_so/c02pxbp/?st=izac6u88&sh=2e42b970 recommended reading order for Lua source by Mike Pall, author of LuaJIT
http://luajit.org/faq.html
ML   http://adam.chlipala.net/mlcomp/ (OCaml vs. Standard ML)
http://c9x.me/qcc/, src/qcc.ml.html (tiny C compiler)
Mathematica   http://intothecontinuum.tumblr.com/
Oberon   http://oberon07.com/EBNF.txt
https://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/Oberon/Oberon07.Report.pdf
Pascal   http://homepages.cwi.nl/~steven/pascal/, book/pascalimplementation.html, 10pcode.html (original P-code compiler and VM)
Perl   http://qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html
http://www.netalive.org/tinkering/serious-perl/
http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol4_3/tpj0403-0013.html
http://glyphic.s3.amazonaws.com/ozone/mark/periodic/Periodic%20Table%20of%20the%20Operators%20A4%20300dpi.jpg
http://budi.insan.co.id/courses/el2001/plpaper.pdf
http://www.onfocus.com/2006/03/3789
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=266536
http://blog.ksplice.com/2010/05/top-10-perl-one-liner-tricks/
PHP   http://programming.reddit.com/info/utqb/comments/cuw8j
http://www.phptherightway.com/
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=216879
http://ask.metafilter.com/83941/I-need-skillz
http://ask.metafilter.com/87744/how-to-simplify-CSS-websitepages-please#1292785, also #1293266 (starter PHP project, simple server-side include)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=211706&cid=17234626
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=216482&cid=17569758
http://blog.wecreate.com/articles/10-rules-to-code-by/#rule4, also #rule7, and comments 7, 24, 26
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=124088
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=398570
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=401116 (learning PHP)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=436870, for example 436930, 437954, 436966, 437261, 437001, 437140, etc.
http://thcnet.net/zork/index.php
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=452241
Prolog   https://prof.ti.bfh.ch/hew1/informatik3/prolog/p-99/
Python (reference)   http://docs.python.org, for example reference/, library/, howto/, glossary.html (2.7, 3.x)
http://awesome-python.com/, also https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python (frameworks, libraries, software and resources)
http://rgruet.free.fr/PQR27/PQR2.7.html (2.7, awesomely dense), also #QuickRef (up through 2.7, no 3.x)
http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/contents.html (module of the week)
http://www.scipy.org/Numpy_Example_List, also NumPy_for_Matlab_Users
http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/scipy_course_01.html#mathematical-statistic-and-scientific-capabilities (SciPy)
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python
http://jessenoller.com/good-to-great-python-reads/
Python (brief tutorials)   http://coffeeghost.net/pybat/python_cheatsheet.png
http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python
http://pages.physics.cornell.edu/~myers/teaching/ComputationalMethods/python/NanoPy/NanoPy3.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/683273/advice-for-c-programmer-writing-python, also 101268/hidden-features-of-python, , 231767/the-python-yield-keyword-explained, 739654/understanding-python-decorators, etc.
http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html
https://github.com/amontalenti/elements-of-python-style
http://ivory.idyll.org/articles/advanced-swc/
http://www.dabeaz.com/generators/
http://www.yourmachines.org/tutorials/mgpy.html (graphics libraries, video editing)
http://adam.gomaa.us/blog/the-python-property-builtin/ (also decorators)
http://avinashv.net/2008/04/python-decorators-syntactic-sugar/ (decorator classes)
http://nedbatchelder.com/text/iter.html, also starttest.html (iteration, also testing)
http://python3porting.com/improving.html (context managers etc. for Python 2.x also)
http://nvie.com/posts/iterators-vs-generators/, also use-more-iterators/ (containers, iterables, iterators, generators)
http://sahandsaba.com/thirty-python-language-features-and-tricks-you-may-not-know.html (summary in convenient format)
Python (books)   http://docs.python.org/tutorial/
http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/thinkpython.html
http://diveintopython.org/, also http://diveintopython3.org/
http://www.mindview.net/Books/TIPython
http://learnpythonthehardway.org/
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/book/ (text for Berkeley SICP in Python, linked below)
Python (courses)   http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-189-a-gentle-introduction-to-programming-using-python-january-iap-2011/, also http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-189-a-gentle-introduction-to-programming-using-python-january-iap-2008/ (MIT, uses Downey's Think Like a Computer Scientist text)
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-00-introduction-to-computer-science-and-programming-fall-2008/ (MIT, CS intro with Python, 24 videos)
http://code.google.com/edu/languages/google-python-class, also index.html#_python_understanding (Google)
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212 (Design of Computer Programs, in Python, by Peter Norvig)
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/ (Berkeley, SICP in Python, text linked above)
http://software-carpentry.org/, also http://softwarecarpentry.wordpress.com/a-fresh-start/
http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/sis/formation/python/ (Bioinformatics)
http://mentat.za.net/numpy/intro/intro.html
http://pages.physics.cornell.edu/~myers/teaching/ComputationalMethods/ (SciPy/NumPy)
http://openhatch.org/wiki/Boston_Python_Workshop_4 (two-day introduction for women)
https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/PyClass (free class at a hacker space)
http://jon-jacky.github.com/uw_python/ (UW continuing education)
Python (examples)   http://www.python.org/doc/essays/graphs.html
http://www.raschke.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/fp/simple_fp.html
http://www.norvig.com/spell-correct.html, sudoku.html
http://blog.ksplice.com/2010/07/learning-by-doing-writing-your-own-traceroute-in-8-easy-steps/
http://www.seapig.org/ThirtyMinuteWebServer
http://wordaligned.org/articles/why-python-programmers-should-learn-python
http://brad.livejournal.com/2354680.html (also Perl, Ruby, C, C#)
http://www.thensys.com/index.php?title=dataflow_programming&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 (Python decorators)
http://www.somebits.com/weblog/tech/good/flickrClient.html
http://thinkpython.blogspot.com/2008/02/lisp-in-single-expression.html
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/TutorialsWritePythonApplications
http://almien.co.uk/OSM/Routing/
http://paste.lisp.org/display/24849, also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=303019 (yield, lambda)
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages:Python:Chapter_1, also Chapter_2 Chapter_3
http://entitycrisis.blogspot.com/2009/01/giant-python-powered-robots.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4502656/how-to-sort-my-paws
http://www.myhdl.org/, for example examples/flipflops.html
https://gist.github.com/2012250 (one-line tree using autovivication)
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3881171
https://zvzzt.wordpress.com/2014/05/03/python-recursion-visualization-with-rcviz/
also https://github.com/carlsborg/rcviz
don't forget https://docs.python.org/2/library/trace.html
https://github.com/tancredi/python-console-snake
http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/50521/ascii-art-of-the-day-2-flow-snakes
https://github.com/cytora/pycon-nlp-in-10-lines/blob/master/01_pride_and_predjudice.ipynb
https://mzucker.github.io/2016/08/07/ukulele-tuner.html
http://ask.metafilter.com/305199/I-need-a-python-script-that-will-run-a-script (ssh, scp + inotifywait, Flask + REST, etc.)
Python (pitfalls and arcana)   http://zephyrfalcon.org/labs/python_pitfalls.html
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=164792&cid=13756109 ("evil default value pitfall")
http://effbot.org/zone/default-values.htm (more about mutable default values)
https://tomforb.es/breaking-out-of-secured-python-environments
http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2016/12/29/careful-with-str-format/
Python (assessment)   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6029001
http://python-history.blogspot.com/, for example 2009/01/pythons-design-philosophy.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=157579
http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html
http://rondam.blogspot.com/2008/02/what-python-gets-right.html
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=164792&cid=13753601
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=682101 (Python vs. Ruby, lots of details about both)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1803627 (Peter Norvig and John McCarthy)
http://roscidus.com/blog/blog/2013/06/09/choosing-a-python-replacement-for-0install/#why-replace-python (compared to 6 compiled languages)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5945997 (object model frustates compilation to fast code, much more in parent)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11146286 (popularity for scientific programming)
https://zenhack.net/2016/12/25/why-python-is-not-my-favorite-language.html
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13185592 ("Python has gotten hard to learn")
Python (Python 3)   http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/nde/papers/teachpy3.html (Python 3 motivation and features)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=687204 (Python 2.6 vs. 3, keeping up with versions in general)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9518391 (useful additions to recent Python 3.x)
http://migrateup.com/whats-really-new-in-python-3/ (review of Python 3 features through 3.5)
https://eev.ee/blog/2016/07/31/python-faq-why-should-i-use-python-3/ (comprehensive summary, July 2016)
http://www.asmeurer.com/python3-presentation/slides.html (several unobvious Python 3 features explained)
https://pymotw.com/3/ (Python 3 module of the week)
Python (announcements)   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python.announce/topics
Ruby   http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/ruby/basictutorial.htm
http://experthuman.com/programming-with-nothing (lambda calculus, Church encoding, Y combinator explained)
Regular expressions   http://osteele.com/tools/rework/, also reanimator/ (Flash), archives/2006/02/reanimator
http://www.regxlib.com/DisplayPatterns.aspx
sed   http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt
SQL   http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
http://www.andreas-dewes.de/en/2015/queens-of-the-data-age-abusing-common-table-expressions-to-solve-the-eight-queens-problem-in-sql/
Smalltalk   http://www.squeak.org/
http://www.vpri.org/pdf/tr1997001_backto.pdf (Squeak)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10047970 (Squeak, Pharo, GNU Smalltalk, Seaside in 2015)
http://dmitrymatveev.co.uk/shampoo/ (Smalltalk UI in Emacs)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229788, 4228324 (motivation and legacy)
Unix find, grep, xargs   http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.aix/browse_frm/thread/c610b3f96d3a35a1/0750d91b0c7924be?hl=en#0750d91b0c7924be
Unix shells   http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/course/601/lectures/unix.util.html
http://www.iol.ie/~padraiga/cmdline.html
http://quong.com/shellin20/shellin20.html
http://wordaligned.org/articles/shell-script-sets
http://www.pixelbeat.org/cmdline.html#sets
http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse
  explained   http://www.catonmat.net/blog/top-ten-one-liners-from-commandlinefu-explained/
  via   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2867079
Z   http://staff.washington.edu/jon/z/glossary.html, also toolkit.html
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/317277.html (download PDF from link on page)

Codefetch, Code Search, search for code examples from programming books and public repositories
http://www.codefetch.com/, also popular.html, examples.html
http://labs.oreilly.com/code/, also stats/
http://www.google.com/codesearch, also help/faq_codesearch.htm

Gawkinet, Internet programming language (new wine in old bottles)
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/view/1186
http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawkinet/html_node/Some-Applications-and-Techniques.html#Some-Applications-and-Techniques

Wheat, Internet programming language (interesting ideas, probably not ready for production)
http://www.wheatfarm.org/, also talk/intro.html, talk/talk6.html

Programming languages and teaching
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11939902 (Alan Kay)

Programming language ecology
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.prolog/msg/4cca04e8b78e0a46 (Pereira)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/eb43be54ded8a9d9 (Jeff Dalton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/ab6dedda9a2ea17b (Blackwell)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/eb4191e41e0b27b6 (Naggum)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/7ec5c64e02e283a5 (Shebs)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/665c1ffc1854f8a7 (Shebs 2)
http://dlweinreb.wordpress.com/2007/11/16/why-did-symbolics-fail/(Weinreb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/7d05898f56bd0b33 (Stroustrup)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/a3ce2aa3e0745e58 (Stroupstrup 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/cc3853d3da9ae50e (Pitman)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2839849 (invalidOrTaken)
http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1807#comment-21872 (Griffith)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=436870, for example 436930, 437954, 436966, 437261, 437001, 437140, etc. (eries and many contributors)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8868656 (angersock and others)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7895721 (chubot)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11146286 (gjkood and others)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/82a486311341e0cb (Gantar)

Conferences
http://weitz.de/eclm2005/
http://www.international-lisp-conference.org/2005/schedule.html, also 2003, 2002
http://www.python.org/pycon/dc2005/papers/, also 2004
http://www.codecon.org/2005/program.html, also 2004, 2003, 2002
http://www.cs.uni-bonn.de/~costanza/lisp-ecoop/papers.htm
http://ll3.ai.mit.edu/program.html, also ll2, ll1

Humor
http://wry.me/~darius/writings/abecedarius.html
http://maradydd.livejournal.com/293666.html
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=538241
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.ada/msg/8384fa674b8785be

TextEditors Wiki: links and lore about more than 1800 editors
http://texteditors.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?EditorIndex, also Family_Classifications, EditorFamilyTree etc.

ed   http://www.gnu.org/software/ed/manual/ed_manual.html
http://blog.sanctum.geek.nz/actually-using-ed/
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4120513, also id=13113556
http://tim.thechases.com/posts/cli/using-ed1-as-a-password-manager/
http://edbrowse.org/, especially usersguide.html#guide (ed + browser + mail hybrid)
http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/PDP-11/Distributions/research/McIlroy_v0/08-rest.pdf (ed in asm, from early PDP-7 Unix)
about Readme, via https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11172431
http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/PDP-11/Trees/V6/usr/source/s1/ed.c
also http://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V6/usr/source/s1/ed.c (ed in C, from PDP-11 Unix V6)
https://www.crsr.net/Programming_Languages/SoftwareTools/ch6.html (ed-like editor in Haskell)
https://github.com/jon-jacky/Piety/blob/master/editors/ed.md (ed-like editor in Python)

teco   http://scientopia.org/blogs/goodmath/2010/11/30/the-glorious-horror-of-teco/
http://tenex.opost.com/anhc-31-4-anec.pdf (teco history, also about using early OS-less PDP1 etc.)
http://ftp.dbit.com/pub/pdp10/tops10/teco124.mac (1978 in PDP-10 assembler, with explanation and comments)
https://github.com/blakemcbride/TECOC (1980s -- present in C)

emacs   http://www.math.uh.edu/~bgb/emacs_keys.html (command summary)
http://sachachua.com/blog/series/a-visual-guide-to-emacs/ (cartoon guide to emacs)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5728296
http://www.braveclojure.com/basic-emacs/ (introductory tutorial)
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6320482
https://www.hackerschool.com/blog/11-exploring-emacs (built-in emacs help)
  also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4892109
http://www.slideshare.net/yukihiro_matz/how-emacs-changed-my-life (lessons of emacs source code)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6094798 (transcript, without slides)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8606179 (M-x tetris, M-x finder-by-keyword)
http://bzg.fr/learn-emacs-lisp-in-15-minutes.html (emacs lisp)
  also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6116514
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs-paper.html#SEC17 (dynamic binding in elisp)
  also http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.scheme/msg/1d9f8e0e337434b6
http://nullprogram.com/blog/2014/01/04/ (emacs bytecode)
http://dmitrymatveev.co.uk/shampoo/ (Smalltalk UI in emacs)
http://dantorop.info/project/emacs-animation/ (Emacs Lisp animations)
https://github.com/hughbarney/atto (emacs-like editor in less than 2000 lines of C)
https://www.gnu.org/software/zile/ (Zemacs with zlisp, lightweight clone from GNU)
https://github.com/yesco/imacs ("possibly the Worlds Smallest Emacs clone! ... embeddeble in eps8266")

emacs screenshots   http://images.google.com/, search for emacs
http://tuhdo.github.io/emacs-tutor.html (long, many animated demos)

emacs history   http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/its-cover.png
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.emacs/msg/0342e0bc1aa05c0d (emacs in 1977, Daniel Weinreb in 2008)
http://multicians.org/mepap.html (Bernard S. Greenberg on Mulics emacs, 1979 revised 1996, vast trove of tech details)
https://ia601004.us.archive.org/32/items/MITAIMemo519/MIT-AIMemo519.pdf (Richard Stallman, MIT AI Memo, 1979)
https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs-paper.html (Richard Stallman, canonical reference, 1981)
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html (Richard Stallman, 1970s -- 80s recalled in 2002)

vi, vim   http://www.danielmiessler.com/study/vim/
http://www.viemu.com/vi-vim-cheat-sheet.gif
http://zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1218390/what-is-your-most-productive-shortcut-with-vim/1220118#1220118/

vi history http://docs.freebsd.org/44doc/usd/12.vi/paper.html (original manual)
But fundamentally, vi is still ed inside.
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kirkenda/joy84.html (Bill Joy, 1984)
I was trying to make it usable over a 300 baud modem. ... vi was written for a world that doesn´t exist anymore.
http://www.linux-mag.com/id/349/ (Bill Joy, 1999)

vi, vim clones and variants
https://github.com/jonathanslenders/pyvim (Python)
http://picolisp.com/wiki/?vip (PicoLisp)
https://github.com/litcave/neatvi (edit bidirectional text, for Arabic and Farsi)
https://github.com/klange/toaruos/blob/strawberry-dev/userspace/extra/bim.c ("bad imitation", C, 920 lines)
https://github.com/martanne/vis, with innovations: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11445780

emacs and vi   https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8614891
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=231002
... programmability and modelessness. Those are two ideas which never occurred to me.
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kirkenda/joy84.html (Bill Joy, 1984)
I have always detested emacs and vi -- baroque efflorescences totally out of harmony with the spirit of Unix.
http://minnie.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2014-August/004890.html (Doug McIlroy, 2014)

sam   http://sam.cat-v.org/
http://texteditors.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Sam
https://github.com/deadpixi/sam (updated, active project)

acme   http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/doc/acme.html
http://research.swtch.com/acme (Tour of Acme, video, comments)
  http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4533156 (more comments)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dopu3ZtdCsg (a different video)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2428162 (Acme in use, 2011)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4692167 (Acme on the MacBook, 3-button mouse, 2012)
http://swtch.com/plan9port/ (Acme, other Plan 9 programs ported to Linux etc.)

Acme clones and variants
http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/wily/pythonpaper.html (Wily, Acme clone, concise manual at onepage.html)
https://github.com/eaburns/T (T, Acme clone in Go)
https://github.com/sandgorgon/z (Z, Acme inspired editor in Scala)
feaures blob/master/src/main/resources/help/main.txt
http://www.call-with-current-continuation.org/ma.tar.gz (MA, minimal Acme clone in Tcl/Tk))
http://c9x.me/edit/(Edit, "a relaxing mix of vi and Acme")
HN comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8354435
http://wmii.suckless.org/ (wmii, tiling window manager influenced by Acme)

Wordstar
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12115504 (marking, finding, and using multiple regions called blocks)

Rasa, "embarrassingly modular customizable text editor built in Haskell"
https://github.com/ChrisPenner/rasa
code review https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13395941

IDEs and alternatives
http://www.charlespetzold.com/etc/DoesVisualStudioRotTheMind.html
http://ask.metafilter.com/102558/How-do-I-learn-the-Visual-Studio-way-of-thinking-about-software-development
http://ask.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=195429&cid=16012121
http://erlang.org/pipermail/erlang-questions/2011-July/059965.html

Debuggers
http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Kernel/linus-im-a-bastard-speech.html

Distributed version control (see also Subversion)
http://veracity-scm.com/compare/
http://www.dribin.org/dave/blog/archives/2007/12/28/dvcs/
http://drxyzzy.org/wordpress/?p=13
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=339876
hg   http://hginit.com/
http://www.aosabook.org/en/mercurial.html
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0374/ (choosing a dvcs for the Python project)
fossil   https://www.fossil-scm.org/index.html/doc/tip/www/index.wiki, concepts.wiki (uses SQLite)
git tutorials   https://github.com/codeforamerica/skillshares/tree/master/git_basics
https://github.com/rzach/git4phi/blob/master/git4phi.md
http://ask.metafilter.com/219514/Help-me-use-git-the-way-it-was-intended#3171483, also #3171499
git summaries   http://jan-krueger.net/development/git-cheat-sheet-extended-edition
http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html
  (click in page to show commands, hover cursor over any, explanation appears at page bottom)
git reference   http://help.github.com/
https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitDocumentation
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html#git-concepts
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/ch08.html
git explanation   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4340298
http://maryrosecook.com/blog/post/git-in-six-hundred-words, git-from-the-inside-out
http://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/
http://www.advogato.org/person/apenwarr/diary/371.html
http://steveko.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/10-things-i-hate-about-git/
https://github.com/marak/the-git-rap
http://tartley.com/?p=1267
http://git-man-page-generator.lokaltog.net/
git svn equivalences   https://git.wiki.kernel.org/articles/g/i/t/GitSvnCrashCourse_512d.html
git in Python   http://samba.org/~jelmer/dulwich/
https://github.com/FriendCode/gittle
https://speakerdeck.com/aarono/gittle-pythonic-git-for-humans
git origins   https://github.com/git/git/commit/e83c5163316f89bfbde7d9ab23ca2e25604af290 (Linus Torvalds)
also   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4395014

Testing tools (mostly Python but with generally useful taxonomy)
http://pycheesecake.org/wiki/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy

Model-based testing
http://www.codeplex.com/NModel
http://staff.washington.edu/jon/pymodel/www/
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~marku/mbt/modeljunit/, also mbt/
http://research.microsoft.com/projects/specexplorer/, also research/pubs/view.aspx?type=Technical%20Report&id=912

Vows, Javascript testing tool (nice page design, too)
http://vowsjs.org/

Java Modeling Language (JML), including testing tool
http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/JML/

NuSMV: a new symbolic model checker
http://nusmv.irst.itc.it/, also NuSMV/papers/sttt_j/html/index.html

AskIgor automated debugging server
http://www.st.cs.uni-sb.de/askigor/about.php, also dd/?lang=en

Nostalgia and frustration
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=633182

Jim Gray's pages: large databases, astronomy
http://research.microsoft.com/~Gray/

Design principles

(See also documentation, Internet architecture, examples)

"What is your definition of 'Design', Monsieur Eames?" (ca 1955)
http://markwunsch.com/blog/2008/09/27/design-q-a-with-charles-eames.html

Tim Berners-Lee's principles of design (1998--2002)
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Principles.html

Butler Lampson's hints for design (1983)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/blampson/33-Hints/Abstract.html

Erlang team's programming rules and conventions (2000)
http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml

Jon Bentley's collection of proverbs and aphorisms (1985)
http://www.oocities.com/krishna_kunchith/misc/bscs.html

David Parnas' classic paper on modular design (1972)
http://www.acm.org/classics/may96/

Jerome Saltzer et al's classic paper on the end-to-end principle (1981)
http://www.reed.com/Papers/EndtoEnd.html
http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.pdf

Jon Postel's robustness principle (1979, via Nick Gall)
http://ironick.typepad.com/ironick/2005/05/my_history_of_t.html

Fallacies of distributed computing by Peter Deutsch, comment by Tim Bray
http://blogs.sun.com/jag/resource/Fallacies.html
http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2009/05/25/HTTP-and-the-Fallacies-of-Distributed-Computing

Simple Made Easy, transcript of a talk by Rich Hickey
https://github.com/matthiasn/talk-transcripts/blob/master/Hickey_Rich/SimpleMadeEasy.md

"Extremist simplification" in the K programming language
"Reduce the problem surface by going for extreme simplicity in absolutely all areas"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8479785

Avoiding abstraction in the Forth programming language
"solve hard problems by ruthlessly stripping away everything irrelevant ... to end up with an easy one"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12713797

Big-O analysis in web applications
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2837214

Trygve Reenskaug's original notes on Model-View-Controller (MVC) (1979), an early implementation (1987, 1992), a web implementation (2007), criticism (2008), explanation and caveats (2009)
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~trygver/themes/mvc/mvc-index.html
http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/users/smarch/st-docs/mvc.html
http://betterexplained.com/articles/intermediate-rails-understanding-models-views-and-controllers/
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1044849&cid=25918213
http://ask.metafilter.com/138754/You-hit-Duke-Duke-is-killed#1983537 (etc.)

Alexis Rosen's post on user interface design details that hugely affect acceptance (1989)
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/9.38.html#subj6

Martin Pilkington's page on database design and normalisation (also with nicer formating, comments, 2006)
http://pilky.mcubedsw.com/index.php?/site/comments/32/
http://www.dtgeeks.com/features/tutorialview/basic_database_design/

Database normalization design tradeoffs (many contributors, 2008)
http://ask.metafilter.com/89798/How-much-database-normalization-is-too-much, for example #1319152, #1319416, #1319652
etc. ...

SQL design and programming advice
http://ask.metafilter.com/170087/SQL-learning-exercises#2446809

"Tico the fairy teaches the Princess how to simplify her data management..."
http://www.boingboing.net/2008/10/09/manga-guide-to-datab.html

Bjarne Stroustrup's paper on object-oriented design and some alternatives (1995)
(Are there any good short introductions or summaries about object-oriented design? ...)
http://public.research.att.com/~bs/oopsla.pdf

(... Maybe this is it.)
http://www.lava.se/sam/

Object-oriented design: enthusiasm and skepticism (the same tension gathers around any method)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/58c64b868dd54031 (Rolf Schumacher)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6f7e252bbe09c426 (Elliot)
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2002/0205.html, also 0203.html (Nancy Leveson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/69008285d1e97d34 (Christopher Browne)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=398621 (mechanical_fish, thomasmallen)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380766, 380862 (gruseom, daniel_yokomizo)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.eiffel/msg/fe33f37a4b7e108f (Dr. Richard Botting)

Design patterns (I'm underwhelmed but some think they are helpful)
http://norvig.com/design-patterns/
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=381512, 380862, 380766, etc.
http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/Patterns.aspx
http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/

Phil Agre's design course
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/240/, also week5.html, week10.html

Butler Lampson's and Daniel Jackson's systems course at MIT (2004)
http://web.mit.edu/6.826/www/notes/

Kaashoek's and Zeldovich's systems course at MIT (2012)
http://mit.edu/6.033/www/schedule.shtml

Daniel Jackson's pages: software design and analysis
http://sdg.lcs.mit.edu/~dnj/, also alloy, womble.pdf, fall00-lectures.pdf

Niklaus Wirth's history of "good ideas that turned out to be less than brilliant" (2006)
http://www.cs.inf.ethz.ch/~wirth/Articles/GoodIdeas_origFig.pdf

Design examples, case studies

Lisp

John McCarthy's essentials of Lisp (1980)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/lisp20th/node2.html

John McCarthy's original paper on the LISP Programming System (1960)
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive/node4.html

Unix

Recently rediscovered earliest draft of a Unix manual, by Dennis Ritchie (1971)
Although the PDP-7 and PDP-11 are both small computers ... UNIX contains a number of features very seldom offered even by larger systems ...
http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributions/Research/McIlroy_v0/UnixEditionZero.txt, about: Readme

Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson's classic paper on Unix, including some internals (1973,78)
https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/cacm.html, also cacm.pdf

Doug McIlroy, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson on Unix philosophy, summarized by Eric Raymond (1978, 1987, 2003)
http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch01s06.html

Doug McIlroy on Unix evolution (2014)
Unix was born of a taste for achieving big power by small means rather than by unbounded accumulation of facilities.
But evolution, including the evolution of Unix, does not work that way.
http://minnie.tuhs.org/pipermail/tuhs/2014-August/004890.html

Timothy Brownawell's one sentence description of Unix (2006)
*nix is a highly modular component-based software system with a standard interface (flat byte streams) between components ...
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=212150&cid=17267564

Unix philosophy of connecting everything with text streams, disadvantages and alternatives
... a program-to-program interface based on formatting and parsing text is anything but clean.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9777069

Unix' original simplicity, how it led to its current complexity
... make everyone reimplement most of what they want from scratch each time. ... all built piecemeal ...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13590305

Simson Garfinkel et al's Unix haters handbook (1994)
http://research.microsoft.com/%7Edaniel/preface.html

Xv6, a re-implementation of Unix V6 in ANSI C for x86, used in MIT 6.828 (2006 --)
https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2016/xv6.html, especially book-rev9.pdf

Unix and Windows similarities, contrasted to other OS designs
"Unix and Windows are huddled together in one tiny corner of the design space ..."
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10138970

Plan 9

Plan 9, elegant post-Unix OS from the same team
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/, especially /1/0intro, /5/0intro, 9.html, acme.html
http://doc.cat-v.org/plan_9/, for example acme.cat-v.org (more about Acme editor in tools)
http://swtch.com/plan9port/ (Plan 9 programs ported to Linux etc.)
http://9front.org/, especially http://fqa.9front.org/ (recent fork)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2773275 (rc shell)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3537448 ("everything is a file", considered)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9829826 ("everything is a file", considered again)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8325868 (objects vs. files)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11735721 (mounting remote services)
http://marc.info/?l=9fans&m=145938929813894&w=2 (Facebook Plan 9 style)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8978491 (desktop GUI)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7832225 (no TTY or X11)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11883302 (vt terminal emulator)
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/magic/man2html/1/rio (TTY + X11 replacement, scroll down to Text windows)
http://web.it.usyd.edu.au/~matty/9term/ (9term for Unix, don't miss link to manual page)
https://github.com/chneukirchen/tt (9term clone in Ruby/Tk, 463 lines, contrasted to xterm etc. in README)
http://plan9.bell-labs.com/wiki/plan9/lfaq/ (summary in FAQ format)
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824-2013/notes/l16.txt (notes from MIT 6.824 Distributed Systems, scroll down)
http://www.cs.unm.edu/~fastos/05meeting/PLAN9NOTDEADYET.pdf (history, motivation, design principles)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1154650 (some notable features)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8721046 (very brief summary)

Smalltalk

Essentials of Smalltalk (scroll down about 20 percent to list)
http://goran.krampe.se/2016/07/19/spry-is-a-smalltalk/

Squeak, a practical Smalltalk written in itself
http://www.vpri.org/pdf/tr1997001_backto.pdf

Smalltalk motivation and legacy, influenced Lively Kernel and STEPS (below)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229788, 4228324

A Smalltalk designer's comment on programming language philosophy
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11939984

Lively Kernel, Smalltalk-like tools + applications entirely self-contained in the browser, in Javascript
http://www.svgopen.org/2008/papers/93-The_Lively_Kernel_Web_Application_Framework/
http://www.lively-kernel.org/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10105563

Various

Language-based OS and hardware: Lisp machines, Smalltalk, and more
https://github.com/jon-jacky/Piety/blob/master/doc/precursors.md

Viewpoints Research Institute STEPS project, attempting OS + tools + applications in 20,000 lines
http://vpri.org/html/work/ifnct.htm, also tr2011004_steps11.pdf
also http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3996209
also http://www.mail-archive.com/fonc@vpri.org/

Pedagogical programming environment in the browser using Javascript
http://ejohn.org/blog/introducing-khan-cs/

Sergey Brin and Larry Page's original paper on the Google design and prototype (1998)
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/brin98anatomy.html

Subversion (version control system) goals, architecture, design, performance tradeoffs (2000--2007)
(see also distributed version control)
http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/svn.intro.whatis.html, #svn.intro.architecture.dia-1
http://subversion.tigris.org/design.html
http://svn.haxx.se/users/archive-2005-10/0112.shtml

Wikipedia database: huge LAMP example (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP5, 2007)
http://dammit.lt/uc/workbook2007.pdf
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Mediawiki-database-schema.png?
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=442948

The Architecture of Open Source Applications (2011)
http://www.aosabook.org/en/, for example mercurial.html, packaging.html, and selenium.html

Beautiful software, examples suggested by HN contributors
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11278065

Bitcoin
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824-2013/papers/bitcoin.pdf, notes/l18.txt
http://brokenlibrarian.org/bitcoin/

(see also documentation, open source, Internet projects, Apple, Microsoft)

Proverbs, truisms, rules of thumb
http://www.cs.yale.edu/quotes.html (Alan Perlis)
http://www.oocities.com/krishna_kunchith/misc/bscs.html (Jon Bentley)
http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/buildyourcareer/fa035 (Robert L. Glass)
http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2009/03/the-truths-about-it-costs/ar/pr (Susan Cramm)

Fred Brooks' Mythical Man-Month Revisited (summarized by Rene Schaad)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/b7f2a5e9465e48ba

Routine projects vs. novel ones, other experience that confirms Brooks (above)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/53f2fd249694076f (Mike Williams)

Program-building strategies and heuristics
http://ask.metafilter.com/100469/Parcelling-out-a-program#1460534, #1460817 (jenkinsEar, and for no one)
http://ask.metafilter.com/112202/How-can-I-hone-my-problem-solving-skills#1613615 (grumblebee)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=290842 (edw519)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8622136 (blhack)

Extreme programming, and some precursors
http://www.onlamp.com/lpt/a/4061 (chromatic)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8e1085fc168f02e0 (John Roth)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0cf143f6277f28c7?hl=en (Ben Kovitz, Biju Thomas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1b099bdd4638a475?hl=en (John Duncan)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=xczr9fhke4k.fsf@etxb.ericsson.se (Ulf Wiger)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/16e5b05673c5fd8e (Gary Stoneburner)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/a8d57e43d8999dc5 (Eric Peterson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/a30713b433dda773 (Kurt Guntheroth)
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/ef2d2b99c7b3d423?hl=en& (spinoza9999)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.eiffel/msg/fe33f37a4b7e108f (Dr. Richard Botting)

Proposals, estimates, invoices, taxes, licenses etc.
http://ask.metafilter.com/96536/A-modest-proposal
http://ask.metafilter.com/101967/Need-some-tips-on-how-to-be-a-freelance-developer

Developers, users, and customers
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/9145a28ea5e953d4 (Frank A. Adrian)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c575ea75cb755c85 (Robert Munck and Andy Gabb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/4a51523ae66af5cd (Graham Shevlin)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c86184b60008e523 (Darren Collins)

Testing
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/8d7b967cb1532f46?hl=en (Marshall Woodson)
http://www.soft.com/News/QTN-Online/ttnnov99.html (Boris Beizer, scroll down for "best and worst practices" article)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0cf143f6277f28c7?hl=en (Ben Kovitz, Biju Thomas)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/5a8e2409fe5d54d9 (Martin Fowler)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/801c79842e86336f?hl=en (Vivekanand Sakaram)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/760dde482b654ba4 (boris beizer)

Estimating time and costs
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0245ef719e0cc028 (Rommert J. Casimir)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.arch.embedded/msg/c1858ae297d96d10 (Herman)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/e4a94e887b7d0c74 (Peter Leeson)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1b099bdd4638a475?hl=en (John Duncan)
http://hissa.nist.gov/mlists/ivandv/199903/19990326-4.html (Jon D Hagar)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=xczr9fhke4k.fsf@etxb.ericsson.se (Ulf Wiger)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/2da3508884b1976f (Jonathan Allan)
http://www2.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2009/0709/rW_SO_Viewpoints.pdf (Tom DeMarco)

Large projects vs. small ones, matching staff size to time (see also Fred Brooks, above)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/76c44841c36fb3c2 (Scott L. McGregor)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/411a8750a58901b7 (Jeffrey C. Dege)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sw.components/msg/d6da8110f1633dff (Dick Dunn)

Damage control and prevention
http://www.stevemcconnell.com/rdenum.htm (Steve McConnell)
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/printerFriendly/articles/fog0000000043.html (Joel Spolsky)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/e19a1c12a70c00de (boris beizer)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8f34d628c69dc081?hl=en (ppgooding)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/63f8ef800f407e34?hl=en (Nicole Bianco)
http://ask.metafilter.com/98290/Project-Management-Tips (jasondigitized and many contributors)

Traditional engineering vs. software development
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6103dbb0f201e6fd (Jeff Offutt)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/0e79064c6157b9ea (Paul C. George)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/f2bcebcdd0326c08 (Andy Dent)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/8d7b967cb1532f46?hl=en (Marshall Woodson)

System administration including people, operations, IT (see also in coping)
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/doc/devnybbles.html (Terence Parr)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.admin/msg/324f2eb3aea8efb6 (Steve Simmons)
http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/b593d68089c7337f (Paul Evans via David Meyer)

The Inmates are Running the Asylum, a book supposedly about design but more about projects
http://www.cooper.com/insights/books/#inmates
http://timoni.org/?p=30 (talk years later by same author)

High Stakes, No Prisoners, a book on startups, management, and the computer industry
http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/Econ_Articles/Reviews/ferguson.html

QA Confidential
http://www.leisuretown.com/library/qac/index.html

(See also projects, design, literature)

What to document, why, and for whom
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8e1085fc168f02e0 (John Roth)
http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~gpollice/cs3733-b05/Readings/FAKE-IT.pdf, or
  http://www.laputan.org/pub/papers/Fake.pdf (David Parnas and Paul Clements in TSE 12(2) Feb 86)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/585ea82e74b74583 (Paul Campbell)
http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/9/29/104212/112 (clover kicker)

What to document for web sites (analogous items are needed for any software)
http://ask.metafilter.com/111250/Document#1600201, also #1600220, #1600595, etc.

Requirements vs. specifications vs. design vs. user manuals
(Remarks here on object-oriented programming and UML apply as well to other styles and notations)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/1fc41d5a12767a33 (David Alex Lamb)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.object/msg/8199fef16107760b (Robert C. Martin)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/788501ffe3e2da67 (Ben Kovitz)

Requirements via use cases, difficulties and recommendations
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/c3aa69056768bbdf (cdewalt)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/44ae49dfc6ab4d21 (Ben Kovitz)

Unreadable requirements
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/3bfb59cd97f5481c (Ben Kovitz)

Specifications
http://www.w3.org/1999/09/specification.html (Tim Berners-Lee)
http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/hise/safety-critical-archive/2000/0113.html (Pete Fenelon)
http://rfc.sunsite.dk/rfc/rfc4101.html (Eric Rescorla)
http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.3/1441.html, also 0510.0/0575.html (Linus Torvalds)

Design notations (remarks here on UML apply as well to other notations)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/9e0af967adb4d9fc (John Burton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/e8d4e0868c7de74b (Graham Perkins)

Design examples (how well do these follow other recommendations linked here?)
https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/cacm.html
http://subversion.tigris.org/design.html

Code vs. comments, see especially dissenting remarks number 7, 24, 26 further down page
http://blog.wecreate.com/articles/10-rules-to-code-by/#rule7

Collaboration, version control, content vs. cosmetics
(some of us today are happily using emacs, LaTeX, and svn)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/bd580fddbbd0ced0 (Thomas N. Mackey)
http://ask.metafilter.com/85456/Software-for-long-documents (many contributors)

Literate programming, advocacy and disenchantment
http://www.literateprogramming.com
http://airfoyle.blogspot.com/2006/05/anti-literacy-program.html

How to contribute to an open source project
http://ask.metafilter.com/219033/open-source-project-newb-seeks-advice

Open source development
http://www.onlamp.com/lpt/a/4414
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=89637&cid=7751550
http://linux.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/05/06/2215209&tid=106
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=181323&cid=14999346
http://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=208004&cid=16961440

Free and open source philosophy, advocacy and licensing
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html, also free-sw.html, categories.html, license-list.html
http://www.opensource.org/index.php

Early history of FSF and GNU recalled by a participant
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1474941

Motivation, pride, and craft
"Open Source is not just about "working", it's about being modifiable by the end user."
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8282621

Open source and peer review
(Search for paragraph with "Linux" in first line, about a third of the way down)
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/notes/99-3-14.html

The Architecture of Open Source Applications
http://www.aosabook.org/en/

(See also in math and education)

Teaching yourself (comments on computing and math apply to other subjects also)
http://www.norvig.com/21-days.html (Peter Norvig)
http://ask.metafilter.com/224599/Becoming-an-awesome-programmer#3248957 (Ookseer)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=590523 (ojbyrne)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527 (jrookie and many contributors)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=135588 (christo, not just about Javascript)
http://ask.metafilter.com/83941/I-need-skillz#1243079 (fstutzman, not just about PHP)
http://ask.metafilter.com/90840/Hope-me-learn-teh-internets, this: #1333384 (pjern and many contributors)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91364/Help-me-Im-a-late-adopter (Zarkonnen and many contributors)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=149625, also item?id=149597, also item?id=149495 (Internet starter projects)
http://ask.metafilter.com/124165/Web-development-big-picture-for-a-nonweb-programmer#1774648 (DIY web server, ambitious project)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2030288 (web frameworks)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.vxworks/msg/95541464e16f454a?hl=en (Dave Korn)
http://www.mikeash.com/getting_answers.html (Michael Ash)
http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html (Eric Raymond and Rick Moen)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/b902e4be35a7511f?hl=en& (Chris Hillman)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.ai/msg/62d60e2cbb82188b?hl=en& (Drew McDermott)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=380251 (mechanical_fish)
http://sites.google.com/site/yacoset/Home/signs-that-you-re-a-bad-programmer (yacoset)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/702b4a873a73cef0?hl=en (Ron Bloom)

Self-taught programmer writes his own email client with innovative UI, uses Node with nw.js (2015)
http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2015/02/email_overload_building_my_own_email_app_to_reach_inbox_zero.html?wpsrc=sp_all_native_by-section
code https://github.com/cperryk/slatemail

Teaching novices
http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/how-to-help.html (Phil Agre)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11939902 (Alan Kay)
http://ask.metafilter.com/91892/How-do-I-give-an-interesting-crash-course-on-web-design#1346567 (SuperSquirrel and others, not just about web design)
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/fofc00/learned.html (Jon Jacky 1)
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/dsa01/index.html#learned (Jon Jacky 2)
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall07/cos109/summary07.html (Brian Kernighan)
http://www.google.com/groups?as_umsgid=5ethtf$enk$1@goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au (Richard O'Keefe 1)
http://www.google.com/groups?as_umsgid=35872289.495F@atlas.otago.ac.nz (Richard O'Keefe 2, especially after still struggling ...)
http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=163926&cid=13690884 (Doc Ruby)
http://www.smeed.org/1735 (Joseph Weizenbaum, especially paragraph beginning It happens ...)

Teaching and careers
http://ask.metafilter.com/97375/If-it-looks-and-quacks-like-a-CS-Degree-then-is-it-a-genuine-enough-CS-Degree#1418994, #1419105 (Isemel, twiggy)
http://ask.metafilter.com/127753/Advice-on-Someone-Interested-in-a-Programming-Career#1825736 (Netzapper)
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=PEREIRA.94Aug19223002%40alta.research.att.com (Fernando Pereira 1)
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=PEREIRA.94Aug20221132%40alta.research.att.com (Fernando Pereira 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/msg/f6f19f71c31da7c4?hl=en (Joe Seigh)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6d90d578731d723f (Amanda Giarla)
http://www.google.com/groups?selm=EJH.95Jul27085446%40larry.gsfc.nasa.gov (Edward Hartnett)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/eb43be54ded8a9d9 (Jeff Dalton)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/3ca2249ffaf2bb70 (Michael Hann)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software.testing/msg/384377f6b5f54807?hl=en (Kevin Cline)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.functional/msg/2297a52a9c48f0f9?hl=en (Jeffrey B. Siegal)
http://ask.metafilter.com/99348/Engineering-Skills, for example #1445725, etc. (gzimmer, scruss and many contributors)

Teaching agony and ecstasy (see also in math)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea3e4716b69a5e7d?hl=en (David Ashley)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/27b30f940ef61820?hl=en (Robert Strandh)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/7d9f7b28941bdd38?hl=en (Randy Poe)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/e406777e604fdd70?hl=en (labuser)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.physics/msg/820238666fee16de?hl=en (Clack and Myers, via Jacky)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/05674247de4cdc81?hl=en (Allan Adler 1)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/a1b19c906dcb2f6e (Allan Adler 2)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/ea5f87aac754c810 (Dave Rusin)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.bio/msg/b82a8c9e2e2c8bdf?hl=en (john baez)

SICP, possibly the best computer science textbook ever: full text, video lectures, worked exercises
http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book.html
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.001/abelson-sussman-lectures/
http://sicp.org.ua/sicp
http://www.codepoetics.com/wiki/index.php?title=Topics:SICP_in_other_languages
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=714432
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/29/sicp-distilled/
http://www.amazon.com/review/R403HR4VL71K8/ref=cm_cr_rdp_perm (Peter Norvig review)
www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/wadler87.pdf (Phil Wadler critique, Scheme vs. Miranda)
https://github.com/sarabander/sicp-pdf (high-quality pdf for download)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4294265 (links to ebook and other formats)

SICP at universities recently
http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/hal-abelson/ (dropped at MIT)
  links in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3482442
http://web.mit.edu/alexmv/6.S184/ (partial revival at MIT)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3482117
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/61a.html, also proglang.html (Berkeley)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2844460
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61a/sp12/ (Berkeley, now in Python)
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3491142

Why SICP matters, retrospective by Brian Harvey (2011)
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/sicp.html
  comments in HN: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4784827

Computer Systems: a Programmer's Perspective, course and textbook from CMU
http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/, textbook: public/samples.html, rationale: papers.html

Elements of Computing Systems, build a computer system from first principles in one semester
http://www.nand2tetris.org/, papers.php
also http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHty1KKjaZw

Lectures on Scheme and functional programming (videos)
http://programming-musings.org/2009/12/23/scheme-lectures-mostly/ (jao)

Computer Science introduction and survey with Python at MIT, 24 videos
http://academicearth.org/lectures/intro-to-comp-sci-goals

Design of Computer Programs, in Python, by Peter Norvig, notes and code
http://www.udacity.com/wiki/CS212?course=cs212

Algorithms course at MIT: summary, individual lectures, handwritten notes by a student
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/summary-of-mit-introduction-to-algorithms/, for example mit-introduction-to-algorithms-part-eleven/ with mit-algorithms-lecture-16-01.jpg

Advanced Data Structures course at MIT, with wonderful hand-drawn notes and diagrams by the instructor
http://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.851/

Math for computer science course at MIT
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-042j-mathematics-for-computer-science-spring-2005/lecture-notes/

Computer systems courses at MIT with links to many classic papers
http://web.mit.edu/6.826/www/notes/ (Lampson and Jackson, 2004)
http://mit.edu/6.033/www/schedule.shtml (Kaashoek and Zeldovich, 2012)

Introductory CS course emphasizing functional programming at CMU
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15150/
http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/2010/CMU-CS-10-140.pdf
http://existentialtype.wordpress.com/, 2011/03/15/teaching-fp-to-freshmen/

Brian Kernighan's introduction to computing at Princeton with many interesting links
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall07/cos109/, also summary07.html

UW computer science course web pages
http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/course-webs.html

Cambridge University computer science course web pages
(pages for years before 2002-2003 have much more material)
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Teaching/

Ars Digita University, MIT-like CS curriculum with free tuition, now defunct but course materials still available
http://www.aduni.org/, also ~tomh/rants/aduni_five_years_later.html

UW computer science colloquia (Windows Media Player, a few RealPlayer)
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/colloq/search.cgi
http://norfolk.cs.washington.edu/htbin-post/unrestricted/mmedia/ondemand_colloq.cgi

Research Channel, video archive of research talks from all over (Windows Media Player, etc.)
http://www.researchchannel.org/program/inst.asp, also program/displayseries.asp?collid=485, etc.

(See also learning and coping)

How to be a programmer
http://samizdat.mines.edu/howto/

Little nybbles of development wisdom
http://www.cs.usfca.edu/~parrt/doc/devnybbles.html

Interviewing
http://steve.yegge.googlepages.com/five-essential-phone-screen-questions, also
what-you-need-to-know, and other pages at blog-rants

Paul Graham's essays: startups, career advice
http://www.paulgraham.com/articles.html

Close to the Machine, a memoir by a software engineer
http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/15/ellen.html

Contrasting career paths
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=488566 (gaius)
http://ask.metafilter.com/128636/Project-manager-Technical-lead-Code-monkey#1838993 (ch1x0r)

Confronting and overcoming discouragement
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2262527

Programming ability and experience
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=590523 (ojbyrne)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/24446ff480261fe7?hl=en (Ralph Cook)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/6d90d578731d723f (Amanda Giarla)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/8210be51c46503b4 (Tim McDermott)
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=334436 (biohacker)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/msg/f8758f5cae478eb5 (David Chase)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/411e31dfff265d5f (Jim Nusbaum)
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.math/msg/5998457425d5cd59?hl=en& (David Kastrup)
http://sites.google.com/site/yacoset/Home/signs-that-you-re-a-bad-programmer (yacoset)
http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Kernel/linus-im-a-bastard-speech.html (Linus Torvalds)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/msg/f6f19f71c31da7c4?hl=en (Joe Seigh)
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.software-eng/msg/b83b6303df4371f0 (Jay)
http://thedailywtf.com/ (many contributors)

Superprogrammers
http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/47197/are-there-any-famous-one-man-army-programmers
http://www.softwarequalityconnection.com/2011/03/fabrice-bellard-portrait-of-a-superproductive-programmer/
recently   http://bellard.org/jslinux/tech.html
via   http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2555349
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7655791

Rent a Coder (I'm not recommending this!)
http://www.rentacoder.com/

Humor
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/hack/academic.html

Origins and precursors, 1936 - 1982: Turing, Von Neumann, Shannon, etc.
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~christos/classics/cs298.html

Some classic papers, 1968 - 1984: Dijkstra, Codd, Parnas, etc. (removed now!? boo! hiss!)
http://www.acm.org/classics/previous.html

Great works in programming languages, 1940 -- 1999
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/courses/670Fall04/GreatWorksInPL.shtml
some with links, scroll down: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5872043

Algorithms from the book
http://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/189/algorithms-from-the-book?

Recent papers by Google scientists
http://research.google.com/pubs/papers.html

CiteSeer, richly annotated index to computer science literature
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/, also citeseer.html. Example: harel87statecharts.html